Exam question 2 · Buses, trains and being seen

It being given that a school bus in the United States displays flashing red lights and its stop arm, determine the obligation of other traffic.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: school bus · What happens: give, display, flash, determine, obligate · To what, where: It, red lights, obligation, other traffic

This is exam question 2 of lesson 43 «Buses, trains and being seen» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	12 displays	mark
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 bus	det
6	school	school	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 bus	compound
7	bus	bus	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 displays	nsubj
8	in	in	ADP	_	11 States	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 States	det
10	United	United	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 States	amod
11	States	State	PROPN	Number=Plur	7 bus	nmod
12	displays	display	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	advcl
13	flashing	flash	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	12 displays	xcomp
14	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 lights	amod
15	lights	light	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 flashing	obj
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 arm	cc
17	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	19 arm	nmod:poss
18	stop	stop	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 arm	compound
19	arm	arm	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 lights	conj
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 determine	punct
21	determine	determine	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 given	conj
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 obligation	det
23	obligation	obligation	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 determine	obj
24	of	of	ADP	_	26 traffic	case
25	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	26 traffic	amod
26	traffic	traffic	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 obligation	nmod
27	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	give	gerund · passive		It	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	display	present	a school bus in the United States		tree rules
3	flash	gerund	a school bus in the United States not said here	red lights and bus's stop arm	vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent light=Theme
4	determine	infinitive		the obligation of other traffic	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent obligation=Topic
5	obligate			other traffic	nom obligation «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Other traffic must stop

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 traffic	amod
2	traffic	traffic	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 stop	nsubj
3	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 stop	aux
4	stop	stop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stop	must	Other traffic						vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

Option 2

Other traffic must sound the horn

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 traffic	amod
2	traffic	traffic	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sound	nsubj
3	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 sound	aux
4	sound	sound	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 horn	det
6	horn	horn	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sound	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sound	must	Other traffic	the horn					vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location horn=Theme

Option 3

Other traffic may pass at reduced speed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 traffic	amod
2	traffic	traffic	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 pass	nsubj
3	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 pass	aux
4	pass	pass	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	at	at	ADP	_	7 speed	case
6	reduced	reduce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 speed	amod
7	speed	speed	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 pass	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pass	may	Other traffic			reduced speed			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme at speed=Location
2	reduce	participle							vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer

Option 4

Other traffic may continue if no child is visible

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 traffic	amod
2	traffic	traffic	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 continue	nsubj
3	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 continue	aux
4	continue	continue	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	if	if	SCONJ	_	9 visible	mark
6	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	7 child	det
7	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 visible	nsubj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 visible	cop
9	visible	visible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 continue	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	continue	may	Other traffic						vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is a condition, not said to happen	present	no child					visible property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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