Exam question 3 · Big kids, little kids and the truth at home

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a falsehood which causes a young child to fear eating fruit?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: falsehood · What happens: follow, characteris, cause, fear, eat · To what, where: falsehood, young child, fruit

This is exam question 3 of lesson 433 «Big kids, little kids and the truth at home» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 falsehood	det
10	falsehood	falsehood	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 causes	nsubj
12	causes	cause	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 falsehood	acl:relcl
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 child	det
14	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 child	amod
15	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 causes	obj
16	to	to	PART	_	17 fear	mark
17	fear	fear	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	15 child	acl
18	eating	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	17 fear	xcomp
19	fruit	fruit	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 eating	obj
20	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		a falsehood	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	cause	present	a falsehood	a young child		vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition child=Patient
4	fear	to-infinitive	a falsehood not said here	a young child not said here		vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
5	eat	gerund	a falsehood not said here	fruit		vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fruit=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It is true in respect of certain fruits

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 respect	case
5	respect	respect	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 true	obl
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 fruits	case
7	certain	certain	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 fruits	amod
8	fruits	fruit	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 respect	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It			respect of certain fruits		true property	tree rules
2	respect			certain fruits					nom respect «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

It ceases to be a jest, as it frightens the child

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 ceases	nsubj
2	ceases	cease	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	6 jest	mark
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 jest	cop
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 jest	det
6	jest	jest	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 ceases	ccomp
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 frightens	punct
8	as	as	SCONJ	_	10 frightens	mark
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 frightens	nsubj
10	frightens	frighten	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 ceases	conj
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 child	det
12	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 frightens	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	cease	present	It		vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
2	is a	to-infinitive		a jest	tree rules
3	frighten	present	jest	the child	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus child=Experiencer

Option 3

It improves the child's diet

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 improves	nsubj
2	improves	improve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 child	det
4	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 diet	nmod:poss
5	's	's	PART	_	4 child	case
6	diet	diet	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 improves	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	improve	present	It	the child's diet					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent diet=Patient

Option 4

It is harmless, being merely amusing to the elder child

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 harmless	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 harmless	cop
3	harmless	harmless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 amusing	punct
5	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 amusing	cop
6	merely	merely	ADV	_	7 amusing	advmod
7	amusing	amusing	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 harmless	conj
8	to	to	ADP	_	11 child	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 child	det
10	elder	elder	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 child	amod
11	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 amusing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					harmless property	tree rules
2	is	gerund						to the elder child; amusing, merely property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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