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Test 8 · How best friends start

Sam's mum isn't sure about Jake because of his fights. How should she judge him?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: mum, Jake, Sam · What happens: not be, fight, judge · To what, where: Jake

This is test 8 of lesson 461 «How best friends start» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Sam's mum isn't sure about Jake because of his fights.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sam	Sam	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 mum	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Sam	case
3	mum	mum	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 sure	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 sure	cop
5	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	6 sure	advmod
6	sure	sure	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	about	about	ADP	_	8 Jake	case
8	Jake	Jake	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 sure	obl
9	because	because	ADP	ExtPos=ADP	12 fights	case
10	of	of	ADP	_	9 because	fixed
11	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 fights	nmod:poss
12	fights	fight	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 sure	obl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 sure	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not is	present	Sam's mum					about Jake; because Jake's fights; sure property	tree rules
2	fight		Jake						nom fight «act transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: How should she judge him?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	How	how	ADV	PronType=Int	4 judge	advmod
2	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 judge	aux
3	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 judge	nsubj
4	judge	judge	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 judge	obj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 judge	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	judge	should	Sam	Jake					vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Agent he=Value

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

By the size of his house

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	3 size	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 size	det
3	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 house	case
5	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 house	nmod:poss
6	house	house	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 size	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

Only by his reputation

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	4 reputation	advmod
2	by	by	ADP	_	4 reputation	case
3	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 reputation	nmod:poss
4	reputation	reputation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	repute		his = he						nom reputation «state transitive»: poss=agent

Option 3

By what his trainers cost

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	ADP	_	2 what	case
2	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
3	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 trainers	nmod:poss
4	trainers	trainer	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 cost	nsubj
5	cost	cost	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 what	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cost	present	his trainers						vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

By how he treats Sam

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	By	by	SCONJ	_	4 treats	mark
2	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	4 treats	advmod
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 treats	nsubj
4	treats	treat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	Sam	Sam	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 treats	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	treat	present	he		Sam				vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent sam=Recipient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/461-how-best-friends-start/t8/