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Test 9 · The new kid and the first day

Kuba speaks only a little English. Which would help him most?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Kuba · What happens: speak, help · To what, where: little English, Kuba · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 9 of lesson 465 «The new kid and the first day» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Kuba speaks only a little English.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Kuba	Kuba	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 speaks	nsubj
2	speaks	speak	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	6 English	advmod
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 English	det
5	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 English	amod
6	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 speaks	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 speaks	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	speak speech: other	present	Kuba	a little English					vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Which would help him most?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 help	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 help	aux
3	help	help	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 help	obj
5	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	3 help	advmod
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 help	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	help	would			Kuba				vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Beneficiary

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Correcting every mistake he makes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Correcting	correct	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 makes	csubj
2	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	3 mistake	det
3	mistake	mistake	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Correcting	obj
4	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 makes	nsubj
5	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	correct speech: disagree	gerund		every mistake					vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent mistake=Patient
2	make	present	he						vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Learning to say hello in Polish

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Learning	learn	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	to	to	PART	_	3 say	mark
3	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Learning	xcomp
4	hello	hello	INTJ	_	3 say	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 Polish	case
6	Polish	Polish	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 say	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	learn	gerund							vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	say speech: assert	to-infinitive				Polish			vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent hello=Theme in polish=Manner

Option 3

Talking very loudly and slowly at him

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Talking	talk	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	very	very	ADV	_	3 loudly	advmod
3	loudly	loudly	ADV	_	1 Talking	advmod
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 slowly	cc
5	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	3 loudly	conj
6	at	at	ADP	_	7 him	case
7	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 Talking	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	talk	gerund						at him = he; loudly property	vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4

Leaving him to work it all out alone

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Leaving	leave	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 Leaving	obj
3	to	to	PART	_	4 work	mark
4	work	work	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Leaving	advcl
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 work	obj
6	all	all	ADV	_	7 out	advmod
7	out	out	ADV	_	4 work	advmod
8	alone	alone	ADV	_	1 Leaving	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	leave	gerund		him = he				alone property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme
2	work	to-infinitive		it				out property	vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent it=Material

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/465-the-new-kid-and-the-first-day/t9/