Test 4 · Hiking and the outdoors

A family leaves the trail for a shortcut across a steep, rocky slope. Why is this a bad idea?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: family, this · What happens: leave, be · To what, where: trail, steep rocky slope, bad idea

This is test 4 of lesson 47 «Hiking and the outdoors» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A family leaves the trail for a shortcut across a steep, rocky slope.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 family	det
2	family	family	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 leaves	nsubj
3	leaves	leave	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 trail	det
5	trail	trail	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 leaves	obj
6	for	for	ADP	_	8 shortcut	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 shortcut	det
8	shortcut	shortcut	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 leaves	obl
9	across	across	ADP	_	14 slope	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 slope	det
11	steep	steep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 slope	amod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 steep	punct
13	rocky	rocky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 slope	amod
14	slope	slope	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 leaves	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 leaves	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	leave	present	a family	the trail		a steep rocky slope		for a shortcut	vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent trail=Theme for shortcut=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why is this a bad idea?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	6 idea	advmod
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 idea	cop
3	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	6 idea	nsubj
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 idea	det
5	bad	bad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 idea	amod
6	idea	idea	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 idea	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	this	a bad idea					tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Rocks are hotter than the trail

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rocks	rock	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 hotter	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 hotter	cop
3	hotter	hot	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
4	than	than	ADP	_	6 trail	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 trail	det
6	trail	trail	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hotter	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Rocks					than the trail; hot property	tree rules

Option 2

Trails are the only places with enough oxygen to breathe safely up high

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Trails	trail	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 places	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 places	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 places	det
4	only	only	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 places	amod
5	places	place	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
6	with	with	ADP	_	8 oxygen	case
7	enough	enough	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 oxygen	amod
8	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 places	nmod
9	to	to	PART	_	10 breathe	mark
10	breathe	breathe	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 places	acl
11	safely	safely	ADV	_	10 breathe	advmod
12	up	up	ADV	_	13 high	advmod
13	high	high	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 breathe	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Trails	the only places				with enough oxygen	tree rules
2	breathe	to-infinitive						high, safely property	vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

They could get lost or fall where nobody would look for them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 get	nsubj
2	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 get	aux
3	get	get	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	lost	lose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 get	xcomp
5	or	or	CCONJ	_	6 fall	cc
6	fall	fall	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 get	conj
7	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	10 look	advmod
8	nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	10 look	nsubj
9	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 look	aux
10	look	look	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 fall	advcl
11	for	for	ADP	_	12 them	case
12	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 look	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	get	could	They		vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
2	lose	participle	They not said here		vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	fall	infinitive	They not said here		vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	look	would	nobody	for them = they	vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for they=Theme

Option 4

Shortcuts always take longer

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Shortcuts	shortcut	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 take	nsubj
2	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	3 take	advmod
3	take	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	longer	long	ADV	Degree=Cmp	3 take	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	take	present	Shortcuts					always, long property	vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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