Exam question 4 · Riding a bike or a scooter safely

Whereas a helmet has sustained a hard impact in a crash, determine the appropriate course of action.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: sustain, determine · To what, where: helmet, appropriate course

This is exam question 4 of lesson 5 «Riding a bike or a scooter safely» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Whereas	whereas	SCONJ	_	5 sustained	mark
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 helmet	det
3	helmet	helmet	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sustained	nsubj:pass
4	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 sustained	aux
5	sustained	sustain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 determine	advcl
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 impact	det
7	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 impact	amod
8	impact	impact	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sustained	obj
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 crash	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 crash	det
11	crash	crash	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 impact	nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 sustained	punct
13	determine	determine	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 course	det
15	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 course	amod
16	course	course	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 determine	obj
17	of	of	ADP	_	18 action	case
18	action	action	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 course	nmod
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	13 determine	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sustain	present · perfect · passive		a helmet					tree rules
2	determine	imperative	you not said here	the appropriate course of action					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent course=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It may be retained provided no crack be visible

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 retained	nsubj:pass
2	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 retained	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 retained	aux:pass
4	retained	retain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 provided	parataxis
5	provided	provide	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	7 crack	det
7	crack	crack	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 visible	nsubj
8	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	9 visible	cop
9	visible	visible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 provided	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	retain	may · passive		It		tree rules
2	provide	past				vn ensure-99 «NP V that S»: agent=Precondition
3	is	infinitive	no crack		visible property	tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It should be replaced, even though no damage be visible

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 replaced	nsubj:pass
2	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 replaced	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 replaced	aux:pass
4	replaced	replace	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 visible	punct
6	even	even	ADV	_	11 visible	advmod
7	though	though	SCONJ	_	11 visible	mark
8	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	9 damage	det
9	damage	damage	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 visible	nsubj
10	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	11 visible	cop
11	visible	visible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 replaced	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	replace	should · passive		It					vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Theme
2	is	infinitive	no damage					visible property	tree rules

Option 3

It should be repainted and thereafter worn as before

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 repainted	nsubj:pass
2	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 repainted	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 repainted	aux:pass
4	repainted	repaint	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 worn	cc
6	thereafter	thereafter	ADV	_	7 worn	advmod
7	worn	wear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 repainted	conj
8	as	as	ADP	_	9 before	case
9	before	before	ADV	_	7 worn	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	repaint	should · passive		It					vn coloring-24 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	wear	participle						before, thereafter property	vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent

Option 4

It should be worn more loosely in future

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 worn	nsubj:pass
2	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 worn	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 worn	aux:pass
4	worn	wear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	6 loosely	advmod
6	loosely	loosely	ADV	_	4 worn	advmod
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 future	case
8	future	future	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 worn	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wear	should · passive		It		future		loosely property	vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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