Exam question 1 · Cousins: like a sister, posh, or far away

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the relationship between cousins raised in close proximity?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris, raise · To what, where: relationship, cousins, close proximity

This is exam question 1 of lesson 510 «Cousins: like a sister, posh, or far away» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 relationship	det
10	relationship	relationship	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	between	between	ADP	_	12 cousins	case
12	cousins	cousin	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 relationship	nmod
13	raised	raise	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 cousins	acl
14	in	in	ADP	_	16 proximity	case
15	close	close	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 proximity	amod
16	proximity	proximity	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 raised	obl
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the relationship		of the following statements; between cousins; accurately property	tree rules
3	raise	participle	cousins not said here	close proximity		vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in proximity=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It may be as close as that of siblings

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 close	nsubj
2	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 close	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 close	cop
4	as	as	ADV	_	5 close	advmod
5	close	close	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	as	as	ADP	_	7 that	case
7	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	5 close	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 siblings	case
9	siblings	sibling	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 close	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	may	It					as that; of siblings; close property	tree rules

Option 2

It is discouraged in the majority of cultures

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 discouraged	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 discouraged	aux:pass
3	discouraged	discourage	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 majority	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 majority	det
6	majority	majority	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 discouraged	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 cultures	case
8	cultures	culture	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 majority	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	discourage	present · passive		It		the majority of cultures			vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer

Option 3

It is invariably characterised by rivalry

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 characterised	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 characterised	aux:pass
3	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	4 characterised	advmod
4	characterised	characteris	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 rivalry	case
6	rivalry	rivalry	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 characterised	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	characteris	present · passive	rivalry	It				invariably property	tree rules

Option 4

It is invariably distant and formal in character

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 distant	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 distant	cop
3	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	4 distant	advmod
4	distant	distant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 formal	cc
6	formal	formal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 distant	conj
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 character	case
8	character	character	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 distant	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It			character		distant, invariably property	tree rules
2	be								tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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