Test 8 · Living in a children's home

Maddox: «what does ‹hereby› even mean, am I in trouble??» What's true?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Maddox, I · What happens: do, mean, be · To what, where: ‹, trouble · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 8 of lesson 520 «Living in a children's home» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Maddox: «what does ‹hereby› even mean, am I in trouble??»

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Maddox	Maddox	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 does	nsubj
2	:	:	PUNCT	_	5 does	punct
3	«	«	PUNCT	_	5 does	punct
4	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	5 does	nsubj
5	does	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	‹	‹	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 does	obj
7	hereby	hereby	ADV	_	10 mean	advmod
8	›	›	ADV	_	10 mean	advmod
9	even	even	ADV	_	10 mean	advmod
10	mean	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 does	advcl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 trouble	punct
12	am	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 trouble	cop
13	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	15 trouble	nsubj
14	in	in	ADP	_	15 trouble	case
15	trouble	trouble	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 mean	ccomp
16	??	??	PUNCT	_	15 trouble	punct
17	»	»	PUNCT	_	10 mean	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	do in a quote	present	Maddox	‹			vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ‹=Eventuality
2	mean in a quote	present	Maddox not said here			hereby, › property	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
3	is in a quote	present	I		trouble		tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's true?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

He has to go to court alone and explain himself to a judge without help

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 has	nsubj
2	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 go	mark
4	go	go	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 has	xcomp
5	to	to	ADP	_	6 court	case
6	court	court	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 go	obl
7	alone	alone	ADV	_	4 go	advmod
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 explain	cc
9	explain	explain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	4 go	conj
10	himself	himself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	9 explain	obj
11	to	to	ADP	_	13 judge	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 judge	det
13	judge	judge	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 explain	obl
14	without	without	ADP	_	15 help	case
15	help	help	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 explain	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	other	roles by
1	have	present	He					tree rules
2	go	to-infinitive	He not said here			court	alone property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to court=Initial_Location
3	explain speech: assert	infinitive	He not said here	himself = he	a judge		without help	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent himself=Topic to judge=Recipient

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

He should ignore the letter, as children aren't allowed to read their own post

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 ignore	nsubj
2	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 ignore	aux
3	ignore	ignore	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 letter	det
5	letter	letter	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 ignore	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 allowed	punct
7	as	as	SCONJ	_	11 allowed	mark
8	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 allowed	nsubj:pass
9	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 allowed	aux:pass
10	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 allowed	advmod
11	allowed	allow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 ignore	parataxis
12	to	to	PART	_	13 read	mark
13	read	read	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 allowed	xcomp
14	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 post	nmod:poss
15	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 post	amod
16	post	post	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 read	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	ignore	should	He	the letter	vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Theme
2	not allow	present · passive		children	vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: subject=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality
3	read not said to happen	to-infinitive	children not said here	children's own post	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent post=Topic

Option 3

He must be in big trouble, because court letters only go to naughty children

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 trouble	nsubj
2	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 trouble	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	6 trouble	cop
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 trouble	case
5	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 trouble	amod
6	trouble	trouble	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 go	punct
8	because	because	SCONJ	_	12 go	mark
9	court	court	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 letters	compound
10	letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 go	nsubj
11	only	only	ADV	_	12 go	advmod
12	go	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 trouble	conj
13	to	to	ADP	_	15 children	case
14	naughty	naughty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 children	amod
15	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 go	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	must	He			big trouble			tree rules
2	go	present	court letters					to naughty children	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to child=Initial_Location

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Formal letters use stiff words; he's not in trouble, and his social worker can explain

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Formal	formal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 letters	amod
2	letters	letter	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 use	nsubj
3	use	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	stiff	stiff	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 words	amod
5	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 use	obj
6	;	;	PUNCT	_	11 trouble	punct
7	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 trouble	nsubj
8	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 trouble	cop
9	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 trouble	advmod
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 trouble	case
11	trouble	trouble	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 use	parataxis
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 explain	punct
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 explain	cc
14	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 worker	nmod:poss
15	social	social	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 worker	amod
16	worker	worker	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 explain	nsubj
17	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	18 explain	aux
18	explain	explain	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 use	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	use	present	Formal letters	stiff words		vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient
2	not is	present	he		trouble	tree rules
3	explain speech: assert	can	his social worker			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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