Exam question 1 · Dogs and rabbits in your care

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the proper manner of holding a rabbit?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: proper manner · What happens: follow, characteris, hold · To what, where: proper manner, rabbit

This is exam question 1 of lesson 62 «Dogs and rabbits in your care» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 manner	det
10	proper	proper	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 manner	amod
11	manner	manner	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
12	of	of	SCONJ	_	13 holding	mark
13	holding	hold	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 manner	acl
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 rabbit	det
15	rabbit	rabbit	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 holding	obj
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the proper manner	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	hold	gerund	the proper manner not said here	a rabbit		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rabbit=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Holding it high above the head

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Holding	hold	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 Holding	obj
3	high	high	ADV	Degree=Pos	1 Holding	advmod
4	above	above	ADP	_	6 head	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 head	det
6	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Holding	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold	gerund		it		the head		high property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent it=Theme above head=Location

Option 2

Holding it by the scruff of the neck with one hand, as one would a kitten

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Holding	hold	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	15 would	advcl
2	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 Holding	obj
3	by	by	ADP	_	5 scruff	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 scruff	det
5	scruff	scruff	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Holding	obl
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 neck	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 neck	det
8	neck	neck	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 scruff	nmod
9	with	with	ADP	_	11 hand	case
10	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	11 hand	nummod
11	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Holding	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Holding	punct
13	as	as	SCONJ	_	15 would	mark
14	one	one	PRON	Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 would	nsubj
15	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	root	root
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 kitten	det
17	kitten	kitten	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 would	nsubj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold	gerund		it				by the scruff of the neck; with one hand	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent it=Theme by scruff=Location

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Supporting its hindquarters and hind legs, the rabbit being kept low

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Supporting	support	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	11 kept	advcl
2	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 hindquarters	nmod:poss
3	hindquarters	hindquarter	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Supporting	obj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 legs	cc
5	hind	hind	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 legs	amod
6	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 hindquarters	conj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Supporting	punct
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 rabbit	det
9	rabbit	rabbit	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 kept	nsubj:pass
10	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	11 kept	aux:pass
11	kept	keep	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
12	low	low	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 kept	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	support	gerund		its hindquarters and hind legs					vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer hindquarter=Stimulus
2	keep	gerund · passive		the rabbit				low property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 4

Lifting it by the ears

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Lifting	lift	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 Lifting	obj
3	by	by	ADP	_	5 ears	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 ears	det
5	ears	ear	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Lifting	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lift	gerund		it				by the ears	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme by ear=Destination

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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