Exam question 1 · Chickens, goats and little creatures

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the wings of a butterfly?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: wings

This is exam question 1 of lesson 68 «Chickens, goats and little creatures» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 wings	det
10	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 butterfly	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 butterfly	det
13	butterfly	butterfly	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 wings	nmod
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the wings of a butterfly				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

They are strong and may be handled freely

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 strong	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 strong	cop
3	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 handled	cc
5	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 handled	aux
6	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 handled	aux:pass
7	handled	handle	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 strong	conj
8	freely	freely	ADV	_	7 handled	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	They					strong property	tree rules
2	handle	may · passive	They not said here					freely property	vn hold-15.1 «NP V NP»

Option 2

They are composed of feathers, in the manner of a bird's, and are shed every year

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 composed	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 composed	aux:pass
3	composed	compose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 feathers	case
5	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 composed	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 manner	punct
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 manner	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 manner	det
9	manner	manner	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 composed	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 bird	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 bird	det
12	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 manner	nmod
13	's	's	PART	_	12 bird	case
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 shed	punct
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 shed	cc
16	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 shed	aux:pass
17	shed	shed	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 composed	conj
18	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	19 year	det
19	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 shed	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	compose	present · passive		They		the manner of a bird		of feathers	vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result
2	shed	present · passive					year		vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»

Option 3

They grow back immediately when damaged

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 grow	nsubj
2	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	back	back	ADV	_	2 grow	advmod
4	immediately	immediately	ADV	_	2 grow	advmod
5	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	6 damaged	advmod
6	damaged	damage	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 grow	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow back	present	They					immediately property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	damage	participle	They not said here						vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

They are fragile and covered with tiny scales which rub off when touched

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 fragile	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 fragile	cop
3	fragile	fragile	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 covered	cc
5	covered	cover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 fragile	conj
6	with	with	ADP	_	8 scales	case
7	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 scales	amod
8	scales	scale	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 covered	obl
9	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 rub	nsubj
10	rub	rub	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 scales	acl:relcl
11	off	off	ADP	_	10 rub	compound:prt
12	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	13 touched	advmod
13	touched	touch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 rub	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	is	present	They	fragile property	tree rules
2	cover	participle	They not said here	with tiny scales	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with scale=Theme
3	rub off	present	tiny scales		vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme
4	touch	participle	tiny scales not said here		vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/68-chickens-goats-and-little-creatures/e1/