Test 19 · ★★ · Swimming basics and water confidence

Grace couldn't swim at the pool party and had to wear armbands, the girls are laughing about it

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Grace, girls · What happens: not swim, have, wear, laugh · To what, where: pool party, armbands

This is test 19 · ★★ of lesson 7 «Swimming basics and water confidence» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Grace	Grace	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 swim	nsubj
2	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 swim	aux
3	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 swim	advmod
4	swim	swim	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	at	at	ADP	_	8 party	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 party	det
7	pool	pool	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 party	compound
8	party	party	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 swim	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 had	cc
10	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 swim	conj
11	to	to	PART	_	12 wear	mark
12	wear	wear	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 had	xcomp
13	armbands	armband	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 wear	obj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 laughing	punct
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 girls	det
16	girls	girl	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 laughing	nsubj
17	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 laughing	aux
18	laughing	laugh	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 swim	advcl
19	about	about	ADP	_	20 it	case
20	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 laughing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	not swim	could	Grace		the pool party		vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at party=Trajectory
2	have	past	Grace not said here				tree rules
3	wear	to-infinitive	Grace not said here	armbands			vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent armband=Source
4	laugh	present · progressive	the girls			about party	vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Spread it, armbands are funny at her age

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Spread	spread	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 Spread	obj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 funny	punct
4	armbands	armband	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 funny	nsubj
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 funny	cop
6	funny	funny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Spread	parataxis
7	at	at	ADP	_	9 age	case
8	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 age	nmod:poss
9	age	age	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 funny	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	spread	imperative	you not said here	it					vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location it=Theme
2	is	present	armbands				at her age	funny property	tree rules

Option 2

Spread it, but pretend you were not the one who told

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Spread	spread	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 Spread	obj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 one	punct
4	but	but	CCONJ	_	10 one	cc
5	pretend	pretend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 one	cop
6	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	10 one	nsubj
7	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 one	cop
8	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	10 one	advmod
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 one	det
10	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Spread	obl
11	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 told	nsubj
12	told	tell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 one	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	spread	imperative	you not said here	it	vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location it=Theme
2	not is a	present	you	the one	tree rules
3	tell speech: assert	past	the one		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

Spread it, so she practises harder

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Spread	spread	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 Spread	obj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 practises	punct
4	so	so	ADV	_	6 practises	advmod
5	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 practises	nsubj
6	practises	practise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Spread	parataxis
7	harder	hard	ADV	Degree=Cmp	6 practises	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	spread	imperative	you not said here	it					vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location it=Theme
2	practise	present	she					hard property	tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Do not join in; learning to swim takes time and laughing at her is unkind

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Do	do	AUX	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	3 join	aux
2	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	3 join	advmod
3	join	join	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	3 join	compound:prt
5	;	;	PUNCT	_	9 takes	punct
6	learning	learn	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 takes	csubj
7	to	to	PART	_	8 swim	mark
8	swim	swim	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 learning	xcomp
9	takes	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 join	advcl
10	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 takes	obj
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 unkind	cc
12	laughing	laugh	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	16 unkind	csubj
13	at	at	ADP	_	14 her	case
14	her	she	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 laughing	obl
15	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 unkind	cop
16	unkind	unkind	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 takes	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	when	other	roles by
1	not join in	imperative · do-support	you not said here			vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
2	learn	gerund				vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	swim	to-infinitive				vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	take	present	learning	time		vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
5	laugh	gerund			at her = she	vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
6	is	present	laughing		unkind property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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