Test 18 · ★★ · Swimming basics and water confidence

kid on the bus swears there's sharks in the local lake, that's why ya gotta swim between the flags

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: kid, sharks, that · What happens: swear, be, swim · To what, where: local lake, flags

This is test 18 · ★★ of lesson 7 «Swimming basics and water confidence» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	kid	kid	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 swears	nsubj
2	on	on	ADP	_	4 bus	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 bus	det
4	bus	bus	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 kid	nmod
5	swears	swear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	7 's	expl
7	's	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 swears	ccomp
8	sharks	shark	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 's	nsubj
9	in	in	ADP	_	12 lake	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 lake	det
11	local	local	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 lake	amod
12	lake	lake	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 's	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 why	punct
14	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	16 why	nsubj
15	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 why	cop
16	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	19 swim	advmod
17	ya	ya	X	_	19 swim	advmod
18	gotta	gotta	PART	_	17 ya	goeswith
19	swim	swim	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 swears	advcl
20	between	between	ADP	_	22 flags	case
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 flags	det
22	flags	flag	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 swim	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	swear	present	kid on the bus			vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	does	present	sharks	the local lake; there		vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in lake=Location
3	is	present	that		why property	tree rules
4	swim	infinitive	kid on the bus not said here	the flags		vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme between flag=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It is true, so lakes are worse than the sea

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 worse	punct
5	so	so	ADV	_	8 worse	advmod
6	lakes	lake	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 worse	nsubj
7	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 worse	cop
8	worse	bad	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 true	conj
9	than	than	ADP	_	11 sea	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 sea	det
11	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 worse	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					true property	tree rules
2	is	present	lakes					than the sea; bad property	tree rules

Option 2

It must be true because so many people repeat it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 true	nsubj
2	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 true	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 true	cop
4	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	because	because	SCONJ	_	9 repeat	mark
6	so	so	ADV	_	7 many	advmod
7	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 people	amod
8	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 repeat	nsubj
9	repeat	repeat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 true	advcl
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 repeat	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	must	It					true property	tree rules
2	repeat	present	many people	it					vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality

Option 3

It is true, and the flags keep sharks out

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 keep	punct
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 keep	cc
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 flags	det
7	flags	flag	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 keep	nsubj
8	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	parataxis
9	sharks	shark	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 keep	obj
10	out	out	ADV	_	8 keep	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					true property	tree rules
2	keep out	present	the flags	sharks				out property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shark=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Sharks in a lake is almost surely a rumour; the flags mark where lifeguards watch and the water is safest

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sharks	shark	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 rumour	nsubj
2	in	in	ADP	_	4 lake	case
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 lake	det
4	lake	lake	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Sharks	nmod
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 rumour	cop
6	almost	almost	ADV	_	7 surely	advmod
7	surely	surely	ADV	_	9 rumour	advmod
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 rumour	det
9	rumour	rumour	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
10	;	;	PUNCT	_	13 mark	punct
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 flags	det
12	flags	flag	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 mark	nsubj
13	mark	mark	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 rumour	parataxis
14	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	16 watch	advmod
15	lifeguards	lifeguard	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 watch	nsubj
16	watch	watch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 mark	acl:relcl
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 safest	cc
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 water	det
19	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 safest	nsubj
20	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 safest	cop
21	safest	safe	ADJ	Degree=Sup	13 mark	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Sharks in a lake	a rumour	surely property	tree rules
2	mark	present	the flags			vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	watch	present	lifeguards			vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent
4	is	present	the water		safe property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/7-swimming-and-water/t18/