Exam question 1 · Sun, cold and growing up

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the recommended use of sunscreen?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, recommend, use · To what, where: recommended use, sunscreen

This is exam question 1 of lesson 86 «Sun, cold and growing up» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 use	det
10	recommended	recommend	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 use	amod
11	use	use	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 sunscreen	case
13	sunscreen	sunscreen	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 use	nmod
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the recommended use of sunscreen	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	recommend	participle			vn say-37.7-1-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
4	use		sunscreen		nom use «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

A sunscreen is required solely on cloudy days, since sunshine itself does not burn the skin

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 sunscreen	det
2	sunscreen	sunscreen	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 required	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 required	aux:pass
4	required	require	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	solely	solely	ADV	_	4 required	advmod
6	on	on	ADP	_	8 days	case
7	cloudy	cloudy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 days	amod
8	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 required	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 burn	punct
10	since	since	SCONJ	_	15 burn	mark
11	sunshine	sunshine	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 burn	nsubj
12	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Emp Reflex=Yes	11 sunshine	nmod:unmarked
13	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 burn	aux
14	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	15 burn	advmod
15	burn	burn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 required	conj
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 skin	det
17	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 burn	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	require	present · passive		a sunscreen			day	solely property	vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Precondition
2	not burn	present · do-support	sunshine sunshine	the skin					vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent skin=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

A broad-spectrum sunscreen of SPF 30 or more is applied about twenty minutes before going out

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 sunscreen	det
2	broad	broad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 spectrum	amod
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	2 broad	punct
4	spectrum	spectrum	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sunscreen	compound
5	sunscreen	sunscreen	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 applied	nsubj:pass
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 30	case
7	SPF	SPF	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 30	nmod:unmarked
8	30	30	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 sunscreen	nmod
9	or	or	CCONJ	_	10 more	cc
10	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	8 30	conj
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 applied	aux:pass
12	applied	apply	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
13	about	about	ADV	_	14 twenty	advmod
14	twenty	twenty	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	15 minutes	nummod
15	minutes	minute	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 applied	obl:unmarked
16	before	before	SCONJ	_	17 going	mark
17	going	go	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	12 applied	advcl
18	out	out	ADP	_	17 going	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	apply	present · passive		a spectrum sunscreen of 30 SPF			minute		vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	go out	gerund							vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

A sunscreen of any factor is applied once a summer, as protection persists for several months

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 sunscreen	det
2	sunscreen	sunscreen	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 applied	nsubj:pass
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 factor	case
4	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	5 factor	det
5	factor	factor	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sunscreen	nmod
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 applied	aux:pass
7	applied	apply	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	7 applied	advmod
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 summer	det
10	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 once	obl:unmarked
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 persists	punct
12	as	as	SCONJ	_	14 persists	mark
13	protection	protection	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 persists	nsubj
14	persists	persist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 applied	conj
15	for	for	ADP	_	17 months	case
16	several	several	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 months	amod
17	months	month	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 persists	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	apply	present · passive		a sunscreen of any factor				once property	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	persist	present	protection				month		vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

A sunscreen is applied only after sunburn has developed, in order to soothe the damaged skin

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 sunscreen	det
2	sunscreen	sunscreen	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 applied	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 applied	aux:pass
4	applied	apply	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	only	only	ADV	_	4 applied	advmod
6	after	after	SCONJ	_	9 developed	mark
7	sunburn	sunburn	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 developed	nsubj
8	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 developed	aux
9	developed	develop	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	4 applied	advcl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 order	punct
11	in	in	ADP	_	12 order	case
12	order	order	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 developed	obl
13	to	to	PART	_	14 soothe	mark
14	soothe	soothe	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 developed	advcl
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 skin	det
16	damaged	damage	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	17 skin	amod
17	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 soothe	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	apply	present · passive		a sunscreen		vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	develop	present · perfect	sunburn		order	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in order=Location
3	soothe	to-infinitive	sunburn not said here	the damaged skin		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus skin=Experiencer
4	damage	participle				vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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