Exam question 2 · Sun, cold and growing up

A person exposed to great heat is observed to be confused, very hot and no longer sweating. Identify the appropriate response.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: expose, observe, be, sweat, identify · To what, where: person, great heat, appropriate response

This is exam question 2 of lesson 86 «Sun, cold and growing up» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A person exposed to great heat is observed to be confused, very hot and no longer sweating.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 person	det
2	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 observed	nsubj:pass
3	exposed	expose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 person	acl
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 heat	case
5	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 heat	amod
6	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 exposed	obl
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 observed	aux:pass
8	observed	observe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
9	to	to	PART	_	11 confused	mark
10	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	11 confused	cop
11	confused	confused	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 observed	advcl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 hot	punct
13	very	very	ADV	_	14 hot	advmod
14	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 confused	conj
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 sweating	cc
16	no	no	ADV	_	17 longer	advmod
17	longer	long	ADV	Degree=Cmp	18 sweating	advmod
18	sweating	sweat	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	14 hot	conj
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 observed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	expose	participle	a person not said here	great heat		vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to heat=Recipient
2	observe	present · passive	a person			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic
3	is	to-infinitive			confused property	tree rules
4	be					tree rules
5	sweat	gerund			long property	vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Identify the appropriate response.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 response	det
3	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 response	amod
4	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the appropriate response					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent response=Theme

The options

Option 1

It is a mild sunburn, and a cream is applied before the person returns to the sun

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 sunburn	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 sunburn	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 sunburn	det
4	mild	mild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 sunburn	amod
5	sunburn	sunburn	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 returns	nsubj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 applied	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 applied	cc
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 cream	det
9	cream	cream	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 applied	nsubj:pass
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 applied	aux:pass
11	applied	apply	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 sunburn	conj
12	before	before	ADP	_	14 person	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 person	det
14	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 applied	obl
15	returns	return	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
16	to	to	ADP	_	18 sun	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 sun	det
18	sun	sun	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 returns	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a mild sunburn			tree rules
2	apply	present · passive		a cream	before the person		vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme before person=Destination
3	return	present	a mild sunburn			to the sun result	vn convert-26.6.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient to sun=Result

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

It is ordinary tiredness, and the person is advised to continue with their activity

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 tiredness	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 tiredness	cop
3	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 tiredness	amod
4	tiredness	tiredness	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 advised	punct
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 advised	cc
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 person	det
8	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 advised	nsubj:pass
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 advised	aux:pass
10	advised	advise	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 tiredness	acl:relcl
11	to	to	PART	_	12 continue	mark
12	continue	continue	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 advised	xcomp
13	with	with	ADP	_	15 activity	case
14	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 activity	nmod:poss
15	activity	activity	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 continue	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	ordinary tiredness		tree rules
2	advise speech: other	present · passive	ordinary tiredness not said here	the person		vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP how S_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic
3	continue not said to happen	to-infinitive	the person not said here		with their activity	vn continue-55.3 «NP.eventuality V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with activity=Subeventuality

Option 3

It is a sign of good health, as the body has ceased to waste water through sweat

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 sign	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 sign	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 sign	det
4	sign	sign	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 health	case
6	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 health	amod
7	health	health	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sign	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 ceased	punct
9	as	as	SCONJ	_	13 ceased	mark
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 body	det
11	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 ceased	nsubj:pass
12	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 ceased	aux
13	ceased	cease	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 sign	conj
14	to	to	PART	_	15 waste	mark
15	waste	waste	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 ceased	xcomp
16	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 waste	obj
17	through	through	ADP	_	18 sweat	case
18	sweat	sweat	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 waste	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is a	present	It	a sign		of good health	tree rules
2	cease	present · perfect · passive		the body			tree rules
3	waste	to-infinitive		water	sweat		vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It may be heatstroke, an emergency, and the emergency number is telephoned

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 heatstroke	nsubj
2	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 heatstroke	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 heatstroke	cop
4	heatstroke	heatstroke	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 emergency	punct
6	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 emergency	det
7	emergency	emergency	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 heatstroke	appos
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 telephoned	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 telephoned	cc
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 number	det
11	emergency	emergency	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 number	compound
12	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 telephoned	nsubj
13	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 telephoned	aux:pass
14	telephoned	telephone	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 heatstroke	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	may	It	heatstroke					tree rules
2	telephone speech: other	present · passive		the emergency number					vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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