Exam question 1 · Friendship troubles, being left out and bullying

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises bullying?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris, bully

This is exam question 1 of lesson 98 «Friendship troubles, being left out and bullying» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	bullying	bully	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 characterises	obj
10	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund		vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	bully	gerund		vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Hurting, threatening or teasing repeated on purpose

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hurting	hurt	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 threatening	punct
3	threatening	threaten	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	1 Hurting	conj
4	or	or	CCONJ	_	5 teasing	cc
5	teasing	tease	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	1 Hurting	conj
6	repeated	repeat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 teasing	xcomp
7	on	on	ADP	_	8 purpose	case
8	purpose	purpose	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 teasing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	where	roles by
1	hurt	gerund		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
2	threaten	gerund		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
3	tease	gerund	purpose	tree rules
4	repeat	participle		vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

Option 2

Any occasion upon which a child is not chosen first

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	2 occasion	det
2	occasion	occasion	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	upon	upon	ADP	_	4 which	case
4	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 chosen	obl
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 child	det
6	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 chosen	nsubj:pass
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 chosen	aux:pass
8	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 chosen	advmod
9	chosen	choose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 occasion	acl:relcl
10	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	9 chosen	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not choose	present · passive		a child				upon any occasion; first property	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 3

Teasing which the victim has in some way provoked

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Teasing	tease	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 has	csubj
2	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	1 Teasing	obj
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 victim	det
4	victim	victim	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Teasing	obj
5	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 way	case
7	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	8 way	det
8	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 has	obl
9	provoked	provoke	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 way	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	tease	gerund		the victim		tree rules
2	have	present	Teasing		some way	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	provoke	participle		some way not said here		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer

Option 4

A single disagreement between two equal friends

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 disagreement	det
2	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 disagreement	amod
3	disagreement	disagreement	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	between	between	ADP	_	7 friends	case
5	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 friends	nummod
6	equal	equal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 friends	amod
7	friends	friend	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 disagreement	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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