Exam question 2 · Friendship troubles, being left out and bullying

Identify the principal reason for which the reporting of bullying to a trusted adult is advised.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, trust, advise, report · To what, where: principal reason, reporting, bullying

This is exam question 2 of lesson 98 «Friendship troubles, being left out and bullying» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	16 advised	obl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 reporting	det
8	reporting	reporting	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 advised	nsubj:pass
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 bullying	case
10	bullying	bullying	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 reporting	nmod
11	to	to	ADP	_	14 adult	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 adult	det
13	trusted	trust	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	14 adult	amod
14	adult	adult	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 reporting	nmod
15	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 advised	aux:pass
16	advised	advise	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 reason	acl:relcl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	trust	participle				vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
3	advise speech: other	present · passive		the reporting of bullying to a trusted adult	for the principal reason	vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
4	report			bullying	to a trusted adult	nom reporting «communication transitive»: of=patient to=obl

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Reporting obliges the bully to apologise in public at once

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Reporting	reporting	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 obliges	nsubj
2	obliges	oblige	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 bully	det
4	bully	bully	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 obliges	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 apologise	mark
6	apologise	apologise	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 obliges	advcl
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 public	case
8	public	public	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 apologise	obl
9	at	at	ADP	_	10 once	case
10	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	6 apologise	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	oblige	present	Reporting	the bully					vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bully=Patient
2	apologise speech: apologize	to-infinitive	Reporting not said here			public			tree rules

Option 2

Reporting ensures that the pupil reporting is moved to another class

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Reporting	reporting	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 ensures	nsubj
2	ensures	ensure	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 moved	mark
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 reporting	det
5	pupil	pupil	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 reporting	compound
6	reporting	reporting	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 moved	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 moved	aux:pass
8	moved	move	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 ensures	ccomp
9	to	to	ADP	_	11 class	case
10	another	another	DET	PronType=Ind	11 class	det
11	class	class	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 moved	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ensure	present	Reporting						vn ensure-99 «NP V that S»: agent=Precondition clause=Theme
2	move	present · passive		the pupil reporting		another class			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: subject=Theme to class=Trajectory

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Bullying relies upon silence and tends to persist when concealed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bullying	bullying	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 relies	nsubj
2	relies	rely	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	upon	upon	ADP	_	4 silence	case
4	silence	silence	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 relies	obl
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 tends	cc
6	tends	tend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 relies	conj
7	to	to	PART	_	8 persist	mark
8	persist	persist	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 tends	xcomp
9	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	10 concealed	advmod
10	concealed	conceal	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 persist	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	rely	present	Bullying	upon silence	vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent
2	tend	present	Bullying not said here		tree rules
3	persist	to-infinitive	Bullying not said here		vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	conceal	participle	Bullying not said here		vn concealment-16 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 4

Adults are thereby obliged to punish the entire class equally

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Adults	adult	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 obliged	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 obliged	aux:pass
3	thereby	thereby	ADV	_	4 obliged	advmod
4	obliged	oblige	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 punish	mark
6	punish	punish	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 obliged	xcomp
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 class	det
8	entire	entire	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 class	amod
9	class	class	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 punish	obj
10	equally	equally	ADV	_	6 punish	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	oblige	present · passive		Adults				thereby property	vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Patient clause=Result
2	punish	to-infinitive		the entire class				equally property	vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent class=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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