Test 1 · ★ · Food and drink
Olivia asks, "Why does bread need 'the'?" What's the rule?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Olivia, rule · What happens: ask, need, be · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 18 «Food and drink» of the French course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Olivia asks, "Why does bread need 'the'?"
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Olivia | Olivia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 asks | nsubj |
| 2 | asks | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 asks | punct |
| 4 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 need | punct |
| 5 | Why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 8 need | advmod |
| 6 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 need | aux |
| 7 | bread | bread | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 need | compound |
| 8 | need | need | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 2 asks | parataxis |
| 9 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 11 ' | punct |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 ' | det |
| 11 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 8 need | punct |
| 12 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 2 asks | punct |
| 13 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 asks | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ask speech: ask | present | Olivia | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | need in a quote | present · do-support | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What's the rule?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | root | root |
| 2 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 What | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 rule | det |
| 4 | rule | rule | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 What | nsubj |
| 5 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 1 What | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the rule | tree rules |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
After j'aime, never use any little word
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | After | after | ADP | _ | 2 j'aime | case |
| 2 | j'aime | j'aime | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 use | obl |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 j'aime | punct |
| 4 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 5 use | advmod |
| 5 | use | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 8 word | det |
| 7 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 word | amod |
| 8 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 use | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not use | present | any little word | after j'aime | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient |
Option 2
French always says "the" twice
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | French | French | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 says | nsubj |
| 2 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 3 says | advmod |
| 3 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 the | punct |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 says | obj |
| 6 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 the | punct |
| 7 | twice | twice | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 3 says | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | French | the | always, twice property | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent the=Topic |
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer
After j'aime, use le, la, l' or les for the food
The tree, 11 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | After | after | ADP | _ | 2 j'aime | case |
| 2 | j'aime | j'aime | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 use | obl |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 j'aime | punct |
| 4 | use | use | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | le | le | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 use | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 la | punct |
| 7 | la | la | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 le | conj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 l | punct |
| 9 | l | l | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 le | conj |
| 10 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 9 l | punct |
| 11 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 12 les | cc |
| 12 | les | le | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 le | conj |
| 13 | for | for | ADP | _ | 15 food | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 food | det |
| 15 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 use | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | imperative | you not said here | le and la and l or les | after j'aime | for the food | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent le=Theme for food=Eventuality |
Option 4
Bread is a special word that needs le
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bread | bread | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 word | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 word | cop |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 word | det |
| 4 | special | special | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 word | amod |
| 5 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 needs | nsubj |
| 7 | needs | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 word | acl:relcl |
| 8 | le | le | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 needs | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Bread | a special word | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | need | present | a special word | le | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot le=Theme |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/french/18-food-and-drink/t1/