Exam question 1 · Winds, monsoons and ocean currents

Identify the principal reason for which mariners trading across the Indian Ocean customarily remained in port for several months.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, mariners · What happens: identify, trade, remain · To what, where: principal reason, Indian Ocean, port

This is exam question 1 of lesson 22 «Winds, monsoons and ocean currents» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	14 remained	obl
7	mariners	mariner	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 remained	nsubj
8	trading	trade	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 mariners	acl
9	across	across	ADP	_	12 Ocean	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 Ocean	det
11	Indian	Indian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 Ocean	amod
12	Ocean	Ocean	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 trading	obl
13	customarily	customarily	ADV	_	14 remained	advmod
14	remained	remain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 reason	acl:relcl
15	in	in	ADP	_	16 port	case
16	port	port	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 remained	obl
17	for	for	ADP	_	19 months	case
18	several	several	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 months	amod
19	months	month	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 remained	obl
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason				vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	trade	gerund	mariners not said here		the Indian Ocean			vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	remain	past	mariners		port	month	for the principal reason; customarily property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in port=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Vessels required wholesale reconstruction after every voyage

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Vessels	vessel	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
2	required	require	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Vessels	acl
3	wholesale	wholesale	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reconstruction	amod
4	reconstruction	reconstruction	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 required	obj
5	after	after	ADP	_	7 voyage	case
6	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	7 voyage	det
7	voyage	voyage	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 required	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	require	participle	Vessels not said here	wholesale reconstruction			after every voyage		vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme reconstruction=Precondition

Option 2

The ocean was rendered impassable by ice during winter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 ocean	det
2	ocean	ocean	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 rendered	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 rendered	aux:pass
4	rendered	render	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	impassable	impassable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 rendered	xcomp
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 ice	case
7	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 rendered	obl
8	during	during	ADP	_	9 winter	case
9	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 rendered	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	render	past · passive	ice	the ocean			winter	impassable property	vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Voyages were contingent upon the seasonal reversal of the monsoon winds

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Voyages	voyage	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 contingent	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 contingent	cop
3	contingent	contingent	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	7 reversal	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 reversal	det
6	seasonal	seasonal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 reversal	amod
7	reversal	reversal	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 contingent	nmod
8	of	of	ADP	_	11 winds	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 winds	det
10	monsoon	monsoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 winds	compound
11	winds	wind	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 reversal	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	Voyages	contingent				upon the seasonal reversal of the monsoon winds	tree rules
2	reverse			the monsoon winds					nom reversal «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

Port authorities prohibited all departures during the summer months by law

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Port	port	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 authorities	amod
2	authorities	authority	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 prohibited	nsubj
3	prohibited	prohibit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 departures	det
5	departures	departure	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 prohibited	obj
6	during	during	ADP	_	9 months	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 months	det
8	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 months	compound
9	months	month	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 prohibited	obl
10	by	by	ADP	_	11 law	case
11	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 prohibited	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prohibit	past	Port authorities	all departures			month	by law	vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer departure=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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