Exam question 1 · Weather, storms and the changing climate

Identify the principal cause of the elevation of the mean global temperature observed since the nineteenth century.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, observe, cause, elevate · To what, where: principal cause, mean global temperature, elevation

This is exam question 1 of lesson 23 «Weather, storms and the changing climate» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 cause	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 cause	amod
4	cause	cause	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 elevation	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 elevation	det
7	elevation	elevation	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cause	nmod
8	of	of	ADP	_	12 temperature	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 temperature	det
10	mean	mean	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 temperature	amod
11	global	global	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 temperature	amod
12	temperature	temperature	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 elevation	nmod
13	observed	observe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 temperature	acl
14	since	since	ADP	_	17 century	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 century	det
16	nineteenth	nineteenth	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 century	amod
17	century	century	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 observed	obl
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal cause of the elevation of the mean global temperature		vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent cause=Theme
2	observe	participle		the mean global temperature not said here	century	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
3	cause			the elevation of the mean global temperature		nom cause «event transitive»: of=patient
4	elevate			the mean global temperature		nom elevation «event transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

A diminution in the distance between the Earth and the Sun

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 diminution	det
2	diminution	diminution	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 distance	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 distance	det
5	distance	distance	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 diminution	nmod
6	between	between	ADP	_	8 Earth	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Earth	det
8	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 distance	nmod
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 Sun	cc
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 Sun	det
11	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 Earth	conj

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

An increase in the frequency of volcanic eruptions

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 increase	det
2	increase	increase	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 frequency	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 frequency	det
5	frequency	frequency	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 increase	nmod
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 eruptions	case
7	volcanic	volcanic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 eruptions	amod
8	eruptions	eruption	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 frequency	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The combustion by mankind of coal, oil and natural gas

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 combustion	det
2	combustion	combustion	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	by	by	ADP	_	4 mankind	case
4	mankind	mankind	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 combustion	nmod
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 coal	case
6	coal	coal	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 mankind	nmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 oil	punct
8	oil	oil	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 combustion	conj
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 gas	cc
10	natural	natural	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 gas	amod
11	gas	gas	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 combustion	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	combust		mankind of coal						nom combustion «process intransitive»: by=agent

Option 4

The reflection of additional light by the Moon

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 reflection	det
2	reflection	reflection	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 light	case
4	additional	additional	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 light	amod
5	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 reflection	nmod
6	by	by	ADP	_	8 Moon	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Moon	det
8	Moon	Moon	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 reflection	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/e1/