Test 5 · ★★ · Weather, storms and the changing climate

Why could people hold a fair on the frozen Thames in the 1600s but not today?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: people · What happens: hold, freeze · To what, where: fair, frozen Thames

This is test 5 · ★★ of lesson 23 «Weather, storms and the changing climate» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	4 hold	advmod
2	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 hold	aux
3	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 hold	nsubj
4	hold	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 fair	det
6	fair	fair	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 hold	obj
7	on	on	ADP	_	10 Thames	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 Thames	det
9	frozen	freeze	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 Thames	amod
10	Thames	Thames	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 hold	obl
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 1600s	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 1600s	det
13	1600s	1600	NOUN	Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card	4 hold	obl
14	but	but	CCONJ	_	16 today	cc
15	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	16 today	advmod
16	today	today	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 1600s	conj
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 hold	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold	could	people	a fair		the frozen Thames		in the 1600s but today	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent fair=Theme on thames=Location
2	freeze	participle							vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

People then had special ice machines

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	People	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 had	nsubj
2	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	3 had	advmod
3	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	special	special	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 machines	amod
5	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 machines	compound
6	machines	machine	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 had	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	People	special ice machines			then		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent machine=Patient

Option 2

The Thames was much deeper back then, and deep water freezes more easily

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Thames	det
2	Thames	Thames	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 deeper	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 deeper	cop
4	much	much	ADV	_	5 deeper	advmod
5	deeper	deep	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
6	back	back	ADV	_	5 deeper	advmod
7	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	5 deeper	advmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 freezes	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 freezes	cc
10	deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 water	amod
11	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 freezes	nsubj
12	freezes	freeze	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 deeper	conj
13	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	14 easily	advmod
14	easily	easily	ADV	_	12 freezes	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the Thames				then	deep property	tree rules
2	freeze	present	deep water					easily property	vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Winters were colder in the Little Ice Age and the climate has warmed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Winters	winter	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 colder	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 colder	cop
3	colder	cold	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	8 Age	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Age	det
6	Little	Little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 Age	amod
7	Ice	Ice	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 Age	compound
8	Age	Age	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 colder	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 warmed	cc
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 climate	det
11	climate	climate	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 warmed	nsubj:pass
12	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 warmed	aux
13	warmed	warm	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 colder	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	Winters				in the Little Ice Age	cold property	tree rules
2	warm	present · perfect · passive		the climate					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient

Option 4

The river was saltier and froze faster

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 river	det
2	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 saltier	nsubj
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 saltier	cop
4	saltier	salty	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 froze	cc
6	froze	freeze	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 saltier	conj
7	faster	fast	ADV	Degree=Cmp	6 froze	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the river					salty property	tree rules
2	freeze	past	the river not said here					fast property	vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/t5/