Test 6 · ★★ · Weather, storms and the changing climate
A warm year in the Pacific off Peru, and Australia gets a drought. How can that be?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Australia, that · What happens: get, be · To what, where: drought
This is test 6 · ★★ of lesson 23 «Weather, storms and the changing climate» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: A warm year in the Pacific off Peru, and Australia gets a drought.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 year | det |
| 2 | warm | warm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 year | amod |
| 3 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 gets | obl:unmarked |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 Pacific | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 Pacific | det |
| 6 | Pacific | Pacific | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 year | nmod |
| 7 | off | off | ADP | _ | 8 Peru | case |
| 8 | Peru | Peru | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Pacific | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 gets | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 gets | cc |
| 11 | Australia | Australia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 gets | nsubj |
| 12 | gets | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 drought | det |
| 14 | drought | drought | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 gets | obj |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 gets | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | get | present | Australia | a drought | year | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer drought=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: How can that be?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | How | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 be | advmod |
| 2 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 be | aux |
| 3 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 4 be | nsubj |
| 4 | be | be | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 be | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | can | can | that | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
The warm water flows to Australia and dries it
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 water | det |
| 2 | warm | warm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 water | amod |
| 3 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 flows | nsubj |
| 4 | flows | flow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 Australia | case |
| 6 | Australia | Australia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 flows | obl |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 dries | cc |
| 8 | dries | dry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 flows | conj |
| 9 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 dries | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | flow | present | the warm water | Australia | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | dry | present | the warm water not said here | water | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient it=Result |
Option 2
Australia is right next to Peru
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Australia | Australia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 next | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 next | cop |
| 3 | right | right | ADV | _ | 4 next | advmod |
| 4 | next | next | ADV | _ | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 Peru | case |
| 6 | Peru | Peru | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 next | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Australia | Peru | next, right property | tree rules |
Option 3
It is only a coincidence and never happens again
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 coincidence | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 coincidence | cop |
| 3 | only | only | ADV | _ | 5 coincidence | advmod |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 coincidence | det |
| 5 | coincidence | coincidence | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 happens | cc |
| 7 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 8 happens | advmod |
| 8 | happens | happen | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 coincidence | conj |
| 9 | again | again | ADV | _ | 8 happens | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | It | a coincidence | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | not happen | present | again | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer
El Niño changes winds and rain far around the world
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | El | El | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 changes | nsubj |
| 2 | Niño | Niño | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 El | flat |
| 3 | changes | change | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | winds | wind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 changes | obj |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 rain | cc |
| 6 | rain | rain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 winds | conj |
| 7 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 3 changes | advmod |
| 8 | around | around | ADP | _ | 10 world | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 world | det |
| 10 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 far | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | change | present | El | winds and rain | far property | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wind=Patient |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/t6/