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Test 8 · ★★ · Weather, storms and the changing climate

Melting ice on land raises the sea, but melting floating sea ice barely does. Why?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Melting ice, melting · What happens: melt, raise, float, do · To what, where: sea, floating sea ice

This is test 8 · ★★ of lesson 23 «Weather, storms and the changing climate» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Melting ice on land raises the sea, but melting floating sea ice barely does.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Melting	melt	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 ice	amod
2	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 raises	nsubj
3	on	on	ADP	_	4 land	case
4	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 ice	nmod
5	raises	raise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 sea	det
7	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 raises	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 does	punct
9	but	but	CCONJ	_	15 does	cc
10	melting	melt	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	15 does	csubj
11	floating	float	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	13 ice	amod
12	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 ice	compound
13	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 melting	obj
14	barely	barely	ADV	_	10 melting	advmod
15	does	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 raises	conj
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 raises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	melt	gerund							vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	raise	present	Melting ice on land	the sea					vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sea=Theme
3	melt	gerund		floating sea ice				barely property	vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient ice=Result
4	float	gerund							vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	do	present	melting						vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	root	root
2	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Why	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Sea ice is made of fresh water, which simply vanishes when it melts

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 ice	compound
2	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 made	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 made	aux:pass
4	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 water	case
6	fresh	fresh	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 water	amod
7	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 made	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 vanishes	punct
9	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 vanishes	nsubj
10	simply	simply	ADV	_	11 vanishes	advmod
11	vanishes	vanish	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 water	acl:relcl
12	when	when	SCONJ	_	14 melts	mark
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 melts	nsubj
14	melts	melt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 made	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present · passive		Sea ice				of fresh water	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
2	vanish	present	fresh water					simply property	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	melt	present	ice						vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 2

Sea ice melts into the air, not into the sea

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 ice	compound
2	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 melts	nsubj
3	melts	melt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	into	into	ADP	_	6 air	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 air	det
6	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 melts	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 sea	punct
8	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 sea	advmod
9	into	into	ADP	_	11 sea	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 sea	det
11	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 melts	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	melt	present	Sea ice			the air			vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material into air=Product

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Floating ice already pushes aside its own weight of water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Floating	float	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 ice	amod
2	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 pushes	nsubj
3	already	already	ADV	_	4 pushes	advmod
4	pushes	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	aside	aside	ADV	_	4 pushes	advmod
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 weight	nmod:poss
7	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 weight	amod
8	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 pushes	obj
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 water	case
10	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 weight	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	float	gerund							vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	push	present	Floating ice	ice's own weight of water				aside property	vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weight=Theme

Option 4

Land ice is much colder and bigger per drop

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 ice	compound
2	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 colder	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 colder	cop
4	much	much	ADV	_	5 colder	advmod
5	colder	cold	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 bigger	cc
7	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 colder	conj
8	per	per	ADP	_	9 drop	case
9	drop	drop	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 colder	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Land ice					per drop; cold property	tree rules
2	be		Land ice not said here						tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/t8/