Test 8 · Population and cities
Gran: "Most people live in villages, always have." Is that true today?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: Most people, Gran, that · What happens: live, have, be · To what, where: villages
This is test 8 of lesson 24 «Population and cities» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Gran: "Most people live in villages, always have."
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gran | gran | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 have | nsubj |
| 2 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 6 live | punct |
| 3 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 live | punct |
| 4 | Most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 5 people | amod |
| 5 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 live | nsubj |
| 6 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Gran | conj |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 villages | case |
| 8 | villages | village | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 live | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 have | punct |
| 10 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 11 have | advmod |
| 11 | have | have | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 have | punct |
| 13 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 have | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live in a quote | present | Most people | villages | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in village=Location | ||||
| 2 | have in a quote | infinitive | Gran | always property | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Is that true today?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 true | cop |
| 2 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 true | nsubj |
| 3 | true | true | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | today | today | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 true | obl:unmarked |
| 5 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 true | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | that | today | true property | tree rules |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
No, since about 2007 most people live in towns and cities
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 8 live | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 live | punct |
| 3 | since | since | SCONJ | _ | 8 live | mark |
| 4 | about | about | ADV | _ | 5 2007 | advmod |
| 5 | 2007 | 2007 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 7 people | nummod |
| 6 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 7 people | amod |
| 7 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 live | nsubj |
| 8 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 towns | case |
| 10 | towns | town | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 live | obl |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 cities | cc |
| 12 | cities | city | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 towns | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | present | 2007 most people | towns and cities | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in town=Location |
Option 2
Yes, villages still hold most people in the world today, as they always did
The tree, 14 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 5 hold | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Yes | punct |
| 3 | villages | village | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 hold | nsubj |
| 4 | still | still | ADV | _ | 5 hold | advmod |
| 5 | hold | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 7 people | amod |
| 7 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 hold | obj |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 world | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 world | det |
| 10 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 people | nmod |
| 11 | today | today | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 hold | obl:unmarked |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 did | punct |
| 13 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 16 did | mark |
| 14 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 did | nsubj |
| 15 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 16 did | advmod |
| 16 | did | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 hold | parataxis |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hold | present | villages | most people | the world | still; today | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent people=Theme in world=Location | ||
| 2 | do | past | villages = village | always property | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
Option 3
Yes, and cities are getting smaller
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 6 getting | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 getting | punct |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 getting | cc |
| 4 | cities | city | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 getting | nsubj |
| 5 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 getting | aux |
| 6 | getting | get | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 7 | smaller | small | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 6 getting | xcomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | get | present · progressive | cities | small property | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
Option 4
No, most people now live in megacities alone
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 6 live | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 live | punct |
| 3 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 4 people | amod |
| 4 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 live | nsubj |
| 5 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 6 live | advmod |
| 6 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 megacities | case |
| 8 | megacities | megacity | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 live | obl |
| 9 | alone | alone | ADV | _ | 6 live | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | present | most people | megacities | now | alone property | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in megacity=Location |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/24-population-and-cities/t8/