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Exam question 4 · Food and farming around the world

It is given that the sugar plantations of Brazil and the Caribbean required great quantities of labour. Ascertain by whom this labour was principally performed.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: sugar plantations, you · What happens: give, require, ascertain, perform · To what, where: It, great quantities, labour

This is exam question 4 of lesson 26 «Food and farming around the world» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that the sugar plantations of Brazil and the Caribbean required great quantities of labour.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	13 required	mark
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 plantations	det
6	sugar	sugar	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 plantations	compound
7	plantations	plantation	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 required	nsubj
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 Brazil	case
9	Brazil	Brazil	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 plantations	nmod
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 Caribbean	cc
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 Caribbean	det
12	Caribbean	Caribbean	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 Brazil	conj
13	required	require	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 given	advcl
14	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 quantities	amod
15	quantities	quantity	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 required	obj
16	of	of	ADP	_	17 labour	case
17	labour	labour	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 quantities	nmod
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	require	past	the sugar plantations of Brazil and the Caribbean	great quantities of labour					vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme quantity=Precondition

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Ascertain by whom this labour was principally performed.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	by	by	ADP	_	3 whom	case
3	whom	whom	PRON	PronType=Rel	1 Ascertain	obl
4	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	5 labour	det
5	labour	labour	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 performed	nsubj:pass
6	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 performed	aux:pass
7	principally	principally	ADV	_	8 performed	advmod
8	performed	perform	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 whom	acl:relcl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here						vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent
2	perform	past · passive		this labour				principally property	vn performance-26.7 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Nomadic herders from the Asian steppe

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nomadic	nomadic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 herders	amod
2	herders	herder	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	6 steppe	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 steppe	det
5	Asian	Asian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 steppe	amod
6	steppe	steppe	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 herders	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

Steam-driven machinery introduced in 1492

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Steam	steam	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 machinery	compound
2	-	-	PUNCT	_	1 Steam	punct
3	driven	drive	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 machinery	amod
4	machinery	machinery	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	introduced	introduce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 machinery	acl
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 1492	case
7	1492	1492	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 introduced	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	drive	participle							vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent
2	introduce	participle		Steam driven machinery not said here		1492			vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient

Option 3

Salaried agricultural labourers who emigrated from Europe

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Salaried	salary	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	agricultural	agricultural	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 labourers	amod
3	labourers	labourer	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Salaried	obj
4	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 emigrated	nsubj
5	emigrated	emigrate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 labourers	acl:relcl
6	from	from	ADP	_	7 Europe	case
7	Europe	Europe	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 emigrated	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	salary	past		agricultural labourers					tree rules
2	emigrate	past	agricultural labourers			Europe			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from europe=Initial_Location

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Enslaved persons forcibly transported from Africa

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Enslaved	enslave	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 persons	amod
2	persons	person	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 transported	nsubj
3	forcibly	forcibly	ADV	_	4 transported	advmod
4	transported	transport	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	from	from	ADP	_	6 Africa	case
6	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 transported	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	enslave	participle							vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	transport	past	Enslaved persons			Africa		forcibly property	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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