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Test 9 · Castile, Portugal and the first sea empires

Your friend says Henry the Navigator sailed further than anyone. What is wrong?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: friend, Henry · What happens: say, sail, be · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 9 of lesson 33 «Castile, Portugal and the first sea empires» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Your friend says Henry the Navigator sailed further than anyone.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 friend	nmod:poss
2	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	Henry	Henry	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 sailed	nsubj
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Navigator	det
6	Navigator	Navigator	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 Henry	appos
7	sailed	sail	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 says	ccomp
8	further	far	ADV	Degree=Cmp	7 sailed	advmod
9	than	than	ADP	_	10 anyone	case
10	anyone	anyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	7 sailed	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Your friend						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	sail	past	Henry					than anyone; far property	vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is wrong?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 wrong	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 wrong	cop
3	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 wrong	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						wrong property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

He was not Portuguese

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 Portuguese	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 Portuguese	cop
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 Portuguese	advmod
4	Portuguese	portuguese	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not is	past	He					portuguese property	tree rules

Option 2

He only sailed on rivers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 sailed	nsubj
2	only	only	ADV	_	3 sailed	advmod
3	sailed	sail	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	on	on	ADP	_	5 rivers	case
5	rivers	river	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 sailed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sail	past	He			rivers			vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

Nothing, he sailed right round the world twice

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	4 sailed	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Nothing	punct
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 sailed	nsubj
4	sailed	sail	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	right	right	ADV	_	4 sailed	advmod
6	round	round	ADP	_	8 world	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 world	det
8	world	world	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sailed	obl
9	twice	twice	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	4 sailed	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sail	past	Nothing			the world		right, twice property	vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent round world=Trajectory

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

He paid for the voyages but did not sail on them himself

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 paid	nsubj
2	paid	pay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	for	for	ADP	_	5 voyages	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 voyages	det
5	voyages	voyage	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 paid	obl
6	but	but	CCONJ	_	9 sail	cc
7	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 sail	aux
8	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 sail	advmod
9	sail	sail	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 paid	conj
10	on	on	ADP	_	11 them	case
11	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 sail	obl
12	himself	himself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	9 sail	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pay	past	He					for the voyages	vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent for voyage=Theme
2	not sail	past · do-support	He not said here	himself = he				on voyages = voyage	vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/33-castile-portugal-and-the-first-sea-empires/t9/