Exam question 4 · The game map and the real map: what EU5 simplifies

State the cause whereby the port of Bruges ceased to be a principal centre of maritime trade.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, port · What happens: state, cease, be · To what, where: cause, principal centre

This is exam question 4 of lesson 40 «The game map and the real map: what EU5 simplifies» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	State	state	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 cause	det
3	cause	cause	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 State	obj
4	whereby	whereby	ADV	PronType=Int	9 ceased	advmod
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 port	det
6	port	port	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 ceased	nsubj
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 Bruges	case
8	Bruges	Bruges	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 port	nmod
9	ceased	cease	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 cause	acl:relcl
10	to	to	PART	_	14 centre	mark
11	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	14 centre	cop
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 centre	det
13	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 centre	amod
14	centre	centre	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 ceased	ccomp
15	of	of	ADP	_	17 trade	case
16	maritime	maritime	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 trade	amod
17	trade	trade	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 centre	nmod
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 State	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	state speech: other	imperative	you not said here	the cause		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent cause=Topic
2	cease	past	the port of Bruges		whereby property	vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
3	is a	to-infinitive	the port of Bruges not said here	a principal centre	of maritime trade	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The submersion of the city beneath the sea

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 submersion	det
2	submersion	submersion	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 city	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 city	det
5	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 submersion	nmod
6	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	8 sea	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 sea	det
8	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 submersion	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	submerse			the city				beneath the sea	nom submersion «event transitive»: of=patient beneath=obl

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The silting of its channel to the sea

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 silting	det
2	silting	silt	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 channel	case
4	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 channel	nmod:poss
5	channel	channel	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 silting	obl
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 sea	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 sea	det
8	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 silting	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	silt	gerund						of its channel; to the sea	tree rules
2	channel		its = it						nom channel «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Option 3

The relocation of the city to the Kingdom of Spain

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 relocation	det
2	relocation	relocation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 city	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 city	det
5	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 relocation	nmod
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 Kingdom	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 Kingdom	det
8	Kingdom	Kingdom	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 city	nmod
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 Spain	case
10	Spain	Spain	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 Kingdom	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	relocate			the city to the Kingdom of Spain					nom relocation «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

A prohibition on shipping issued by Napoleon

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 prohibition	det
2	prohibition	prohibition	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	on	on	ADP	_	4 shipping	case
4	shipping	shipping	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 prohibition	nmod
5	issued	issue	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 prohibition	acl
6	by	by	ADP	_	7 Napoleon	case
7	Napoleon	Napoleon	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 issued	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	issue	participle		a prohibition on shipping not said here				by Napoleon	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by napoleon=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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