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Exam question 3 · Moving continents: from Pangaea to today

It is given that substantial deposits of coal are present beneath Great Britain. Identify the principal reason for their formation.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: substantial deposits, you · What happens: give, be, deposit, identify · To what, where: It, coal, principal reason

This is exam question 3 of lesson 43 «Moving continents: from Pangaea to today» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that substantial deposits of coal are present beneath Great Britain.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	10 present	mark
5	substantial	substantial	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 deposits	amod
6	deposits	deposit	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 present	nsubj
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 coal	case
8	coal	coal	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 deposits	nmod
9	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 present	cop
10	present	present	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 given	advcl
11	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	13 Britain	case
12	Great	Great	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 Britain	flat
13	Britain	Britain	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 present	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	is	present	substantial deposits of coal					beneath Great Britain; present property	tree rules
3	deposit			coal					nom deposit «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Identify the principal reason for their formation.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	7 formation	case
6	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 formation	nmod:poss
7	formation	formation	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reason	nmod
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason				for deposits's formation	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme

The options

Option 1

Coal forms exclusively beneath regions of cold climate

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Coal	coal	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 forms	nsubj
2	forms	form	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	2 forms	advmod
4	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	5 regions	case
5	regions	region	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 forms	obl
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 climate	case
7	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 climate	amod
8	climate	climate	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 regions	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	form	present	Coal			regions of cold climate		exclusively property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme beneath region=Location

Option 2

Coal was deposited by volcanic eruptions in historic times

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Coal	coal	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 deposited	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 deposited	aux:pass
3	deposited	deposit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 eruptions	case
5	volcanic	volcanic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 eruptions	amod
6	eruptions	eruption	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 deposited	obl:agent
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 times	case
8	historic	historic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 times	amod
9	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 deposited	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	deposit	past · passive	volcanic eruptions	Coal			time		vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Britain formerly lay near the equator and supported swamp forests

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Britain	Britain	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 lay	nsubj
2	formerly	formerly	ADV	_	3 lay	advmod
3	lay	lie	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	near	near	ADP	_	6 equator	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 equator	det
6	equator	equator	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lay	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 forests	cc
8	supported	support	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 forests	amod
9	swamp	swamp	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 forests	compound
10	forests	forest	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 equator	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lie	past	Britain			the equator and supported swamp forests		formerly property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent near equator=Location
2	support	participle							vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer

Option 4

Coal was transported thither by glaciers from Scandinavia

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Coal	coal	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 transported	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 transported	aux:pass
3	transported	transport	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	thither	thither	ADV	_	3 transported	advmod
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 glaciers	case
6	glaciers	glacier	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 transported	obl
7	from	from	ADP	_	8 Scandinavia	case
8	Scandinavia	Scandinavia	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 transported	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	transport	past · passive	glaciers	Coal		Scandinavia		thither property	vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent subject=Theme from scandinavia=Initial_Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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