Test 4 · ★★★ · Moving continents: from Pangaea to today
A geologist finds the same 270-million-year-old reptile fossil in Brazil and South Africa. What is the best explanation?
Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: geologist, best explanation · What happens: find, be · To what, where: same old reptile fossil, Brazil
This is test 4 · ★★★ of lesson 43 «Moving continents: from Pangaea to today» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: A geologist finds the same 270-million-year-old reptile fossil in Brazil and South Africa.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 geologist | det |
| 2 | geologist | geologist | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 finds | nsubj |
| 3 | finds | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 fossil | det |
| 5 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 fossil | amod |
| 6 | 270 | 270 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 8 million | compound |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 6 270 | punct |
| 8 | million | million | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 10 year | nummod |
| 9 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 8 million | punct |
| 10 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 old | compound |
| 11 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 10 year | punct |
| 12 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 fossil | amod |
| 13 | reptile | reptile | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 fossil | compound |
| 14 | fossil | fossil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 finds | obj |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 Brazil | case |
| 16 | Brazil | Brazil | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 fossil | nmod |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 Africa | cc |
| 18 | South | South | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 Africa | compound |
| 19 | Africa | Africa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 Brazil | conj |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 finds | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | find | present | a geologist | the same old reptile fossil | Brazil and South Africa | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fossil=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What is the best explanation?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | root | root |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 What | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 explanation | det |
| 4 | best | good | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 5 explanation | amod |
| 5 | explanation | explanation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 What | nsubj |
| 6 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 1 What | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the best explanation | tree rules |
The options
Option 1
The reptile lived everywhere on Earth at once
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 reptile | det |
| 2 | reptile | reptile | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 lived | nsubj |
| 3 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | everywhere | everywhere | ADV | PronType=Tot | 3 lived | advmod |
| 5 | on | on | ADP | _ | 6 Earth | case |
| 6 | Earth | Earth | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 lived | obl |
| 7 | at | at | ADP | _ | 8 once | case |
| 8 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 3 lived | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | past | the reptile | Earth | everywhere property | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at once=Location |
Option 2
The fossil was copied by a museum
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 fossil | det |
| 2 | fossil | fossil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 copied | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 copied | aux:pass |
| 4 | copied | copy | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 museum | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 museum | det |
| 7 | museum | museum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 copied | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | copy | past · passive | a museum | the fossil | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
The two lands were joined when the reptile lived
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 lands | det |
| 2 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 3 lands | nummod |
| 3 | lands | land | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 joined | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 joined | aux:pass |
| 5 | joined | join | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 9 lived | advmod |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 reptile | det |
| 8 | reptile | reptile | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 lived | nsubj |
| 9 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 joined | advcl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | join | past · passive | the two lands | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 2 | live | past | the reptile | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 4
The reptile swam right across the wide Atlantic Ocean
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 reptile | det |
| 2 | reptile | reptile | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 swam | nsubj |
| 3 | swam | swim | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | right | right | ADV | _ | 3 swam | advmod |
| 5 | across | across | ADP | _ | 9 Ocean | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 Ocean | det |
| 7 | wide | wide | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 Ocean | amod |
| 8 | Atlantic | Atlantic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 Ocean | compound |
| 9 | Ocean | Ocean | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 swam | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | swim | past | the reptile | the wide Atlantic Ocean | right property | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across ocean=Trajectory |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/43-moving-continents-from-pangaea-to-today/t4/