Test 5 · ★★★ · Moving continents: from Pangaea to today

Why can't the jigsaw fit of South America and Africa be perfect along today's beaches?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: jigsaw fit · What happens: not be

This is test 5 · ★★★ of lesson 43 «Moving continents: from Pangaea to today» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	13 perfect	advmod
2	ca	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 perfect	aux
3	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	13 perfect	advmod
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 fit	det
5	jigsaw	jigsaw	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 fit	compound
6	fit	fit	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 perfect	nsubj
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 America	case
8	South	South	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 America	compound
9	America	America	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 fit	nmod
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 Africa	cc
11	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 America	conj
12	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	13 perfect	cop
13	perfect	perfect	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
14	along	along	ADP	_	17 beaches	case
15	today	today	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 beaches	nmod:poss
16	's	's	PART	_	15 today	case
17	beaches	beach	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 perfect	obl
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	13 perfect	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not is	can	the jigsaw fit of South America and Africa					along today's beaches; perfect property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The pieces were never joined at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 pieces	det
2	pieces	piece	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 joined	nsubj:pass
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 joined	aux:pass
4	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	5 joined	advmod
5	joined	join	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	at	at	ADP	_	7 all	case
7	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 joined	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not join	past · passive		the pieces		all			vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Option 2

Someone measured the maps wrongly

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	2 measured	nsubj
2	measured	measure	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 maps	det
4	maps	map	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 measured	obj
5	wrongly	wrongly	ADV	_	2 measured	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	measure	past	Someone	the maps				wrongly property	vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme map=Value

Option 3

The continents shrank in the cold of the last Ice Age, so they no longer quite meet

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 continents	det
2	continents	continent	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 shrank	nsubj
3	shrank	shrink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 cold	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 cold	det
6	cold	cold	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shrank	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	11 Age	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 Age	det
9	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 Age	amod
10	Ice	Ice	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 Age	compound
11	Age	Age	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 cold	nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 meet	punct
13	so	so	ADV	_	18 meet	advmod
14	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 meet	nsubj
15	no	no	ADV	_	16 longer	advmod
16	longer	long	ADV	Degree=Cmp	18 meet	advmod
17	quite	quite	ADV	_	18 meet	advmod
18	meet	meet	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 shrank	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	shrink	past	the continents			the cold of the last Ice Age			vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	meet	present	continents = continent					long property	vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Coasts have been worn and flooded; the shelves under the sea fit better

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Coasts	coast	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 worn	nsubj:pass
2	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 worn	aux
3	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	4 worn	aux:pass
4	worn	wear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 flooded	cc
6	flooded	flood	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 worn	conj
7	;	;	PUNCT	_	9 shelves	punct
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 shelves	det
9	shelves	shelf	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 fit	nsubj
10	under	under	ADP	_	12 sea	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 sea	det
12	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 shelves	nmod
13	fit	fit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 worn	acl:relcl
14	better	well	ADV	Degree=Cmp	13 fit	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	wear	present · perfect · passive		Coasts		vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: subject=Source
2	flood	participle				vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	fit	present	the shelves under the sea		well property	vn adjust-26.9 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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