Test 6 · ★★★ · Moving continents: from Pangaea to today

What would happen to the Mediterranean if Africa kept pushing north for tens of millions of years?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: Africa · What happens: happen, keep, push

This is test 6 · ★★★ of lesson 43 «Moving continents: from Pangaea to today» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 happen	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 happen	aux
3	happen	happen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 Mediterranean	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Mediterranean	det
6	Mediterranean	Mediterranean	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 happen	obl
7	if	if	SCONJ	_	9 kept	mark
8	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 kept	nsubj
9	kept	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 happen	advcl
10	pushing	push	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 kept	xcomp
11	north	north	ADV	_	10 pushing	advmod
12	for	for	ADP	_	13 tens	case
13	tens	ten	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 pushing	obl
14	of	of	ADP	_	15 millions	case
15	millions	million	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 tens	nmod
16	of	of	ADP	_	17 years	case
17	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 millions	nmod
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 happen	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	happen	would		to the Mediterranean	vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	keep a condition, not said to happen	past	Africa		tree rules
3	push	gerund	Africa not said here	for tens of millions of years; north property	vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Nothing, Africa is moving south

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 moving	punct
3	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 moving	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 moving	aux
5	moving	move	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	1 Nothing	conj
6	south	south	ADV	_	5 moving	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	move	present · progressive	Africa					south property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It could close and new mountains could rise where it was

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 close	nsubj
2	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 close	aux
3	close	close	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 rise	cc
5	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 mountains	amod
6	mountains	mountain	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 rise	nsubj
7	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 rise	aux
8	rise	rise	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 close	conj
9	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	11 was	advmod
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 was	nsubj
11	was	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 rise	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	roles by
1	close	could	It	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	rise	could	new mountains	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	be	past	it	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

It would grow into a huge ocean

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 grow	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 grow	aux
3	grow	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	into	into	ADP	_	7 ocean	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 ocean	det
6	huge	huge	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 ocean	amod
7	ocean	ocean	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 grow	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	would	It					into a huge ocean result	vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into ocean=Result

Option 4

It would turn into a desert by next century, as the Sahara spreads north

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 turn	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 turn	aux
3	turn	turn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	into	into	ADP	_	6 desert	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 desert	det
6	desert	desert	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 turn	obl
7	by	by	ADP	_	9 century	case
8	next	next	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 century	amod
9	century	century	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 turn	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 spreads	punct
11	as	as	SCONJ	_	14 spreads	mark
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 Sahara	det
13	Sahara	Sahara	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 spreads	nsubj
14	spreads	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 turn	conj
15	north	north	ADV	_	14 spreads	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	would	It			a desert	century		vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into desert=Trajectory
2	spread	present	the Sahara					north property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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