Exam question 1 · Famous eruptions and living with volcanoes

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the consequences of the eruption of Tambora in 1815?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Tambora · What happens: follow, characteris, erupt · To what, where: consequences

This is exam question 1 of lesson 47 «Famous eruptions and living with volcanoes» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 consequences	det
10	consequences	consequence	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 eruption	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 eruption	det
13	eruption	eruption	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 consequences	nmod
14	of	of	ADP	_	15 Tambora	case
15	Tambora	Tambora	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 eruption	nmod
16	in	in	ADP	_	17 1815	case
17	1815	1815	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	13 eruption	nmod
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the consequences of the eruption of Tambora in 1815	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	erupt		Tambora			nom eruption «event intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The destruction of the Roman towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 destruction	det
2	destruction	destruction	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 towns	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 towns	det
5	Roman	roman	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 towns	amod
6	towns	town	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 destruction	nmod
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 Pompeii	case
8	Pompeii	Pompeii	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 towns	nmod
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 Herculaneum	cc
10	Herculaneum	Herculaneum	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 Pompeii	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	destroy			the Roman towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum					nom destruction «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

The grounding of aviation throughout Europe for a period of one week

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 grounding	det
2	grounding	grounding	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 aviation	case
4	aviation	aviation	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 grounding	nmod
5	throughout	throughout	ADP	_	6 Europe	case
6	Europe	Europe	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 grounding	nmod
7	for	for	ADP	_	9 period	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 period	det
9	period	period	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 grounding	nmod
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 week	case
11	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	12 week	nummod
12	week	week	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 period	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ground			aviation			throughout Europe	for a period of one week	nom grounding «cognition transitive»: of=patient throughout=obl for=obl

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

A climatic disturbance which rendered 1816 a year without a summer in Europe and North America

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 disturbance	det
2	climatic	climatic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 disturbance	amod
3	disturbance	disturbance	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 rendered	nsubj
5	rendered	render	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 disturbance	acl:relcl
6	1816	1816	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 rendered	obj
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 year	det
8	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 rendered	obl:unmarked
9	without	without	ADP	_	11 summer	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 summer	det
11	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 rendered	obl
12	in	in	ADP	_	13 Europe	case
13	Europe	Europe	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 rendered	obl
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 America	cc
15	North	North	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 America	compound
16	America	America	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 Europe	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	render	past	a climatic disturbance	1816		Europe and North America	summer; year		vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 1816=Theme

Option 4

The collapse of the northern flank of a volcano in the United States

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 collapse	det
2	collapse	collapse	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 flank	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 flank	det
5	northern	northern	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 flank	amod
6	flank	flank	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 collapse	nmod
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 volcano	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 volcano	det
9	volcano	volcano	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 flank	nmod
10	in	in	ADP	_	13 States	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 States	det
12	United	United	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 States	amod
13	States	State	PROPN	Number=Plur	2 collapse	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	collapse		the northern flank of a volcano			the United States			nom collapse «state intransitive»: of=agent in=place

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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