Exam question 2 · Famous eruptions and living with volcanoes

Identify the principal reason for which human settlement persists in the vicinity of active volcanoes.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, human settlement · What happens: identify, persist · To what, where: principal reason, vicinity

This is exam question 2 of lesson 47 «Famous eruptions and living with volcanoes» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 persists	obl
7	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 settlement	amod
8	settlement	settlement	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 persists	nsubj
9	persists	persist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 reason	parataxis
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 vicinity	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 vicinity	det
12	vicinity	vicinity	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 persists	obl
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 volcanoes	case
14	active	active	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 volcanoes	amod
15	volcanoes	volcano	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 vicinity	nmod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	persist	present	human settlement			the vicinity of active volcanoes		for the principal reason	vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in vicinity=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The legal prohibition of settlement elsewhere

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 prohibition	det
2	legal	legal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 prohibition	amod
3	prohibition	prohibition	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 settlement	case
5	settlement	settlement	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 prohibition	nmod
6	elsewhere	elsewhere	ADV	_	3 prohibition	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prohibit			settlement					nom prohibition «communication transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

The total absence of seismic activity in such regions of the world

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 absence	det
2	total	total	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 absence	amod
3	absence	absence	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 activity	case
5	seismic	seismic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 activity	amod
6	activity	activity	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 absence	nmod
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 regions	case
8	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 regions	amod
9	regions	region	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 activity	nmod
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 world	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 world	det
12	world	world	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 regions	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	absent			seismic activity in such regions of the world					nom absence «state transitive»: of=patient

Option 3

The protection which volcanoes afford against flooding

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 protection	det
2	protection	protection	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 afford	nsubj
3	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	4 volcanoes	det
4	volcanoes	volcano	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 afford	nsubj
5	afford	afford	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	against	against	ADP	_	7 flooding	case
7	flooding	flooding	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 afford	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	afford	infinitive	the protection					against flooding	tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The exceptional fertility of soils derived from volcanic ash

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 fertility	det
2	exceptional	exceptional	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 fertility	amod
3	fertility	fertility	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 soils	case
5	soils	soil	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 fertility	nmod
6	derived	derive	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 soils	acl
7	from	from	ADP	_	9 ash	case
8	volcanic	volcanic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 ash	amod
9	ash	ash	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 derived	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	derive	participle		soils not said here		volcanic ash			vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent from ash=Material

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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