Exam question 1 · Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the formation of sedimentary rocks?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: formation

This is exam question 1 of lesson 49 «Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 formation	det
10	formation	formation	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 rocks	case
12	sedimentary	sedimentary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 rocks	amod
13	rocks	rock	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 formation	nmod
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the formation of sedimentary rocks				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Molten rock is cooled and solidified at depth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Molten	molten	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 rock	amod
2	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 cooled	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 cooled	aux:pass
4	cooled	cool	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 solidified	cc
6	solidified	solidify	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 cooled	conj
7	at	at	ADP	_	8 depth	case
8	depth	depth	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 solidified	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cool	present · passive		Molten rock					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient
2	solidify	participle				depth			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 2

Pre-existing rock is altered by heat and pressure without melting

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pre-existing	pre-existing	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 rock	amod
2	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 altered	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 altered	aux:pass
4	altered	alter	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 heat	case
6	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 altered	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 pressure	cc
8	pressure	pressure	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 heat	conj
9	without	without	SCONJ	_	10 melting	mark
10	melting	melt	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 altered	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	alter	present · passive	heat and pressure	Pre-existing rock					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent subject=Patient
2	melt	gerund	heat and pressure not said here						vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Crystals are precipitated from volcanic gases

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Crystals	crystal	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 precipitated	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 precipitated	aux:pass
3	precipitated	precipitate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 gases	case
5	volcanic	volcanic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 gases	amod
6	gases	gas	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 precipitated	obl:agent

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	precipitate	present · passive	volcanic gases	Crystals					tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Particles are deposited in layers, buried, compacted and cemented

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Particles	particle	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 deposited	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 deposited	aux:pass
3	deposited	deposit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 layers	case
5	layers	layer	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 deposited	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 buried	punct
7	buried	bury	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 deposited	advcl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 compacted	punct
9	compacted	compact	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 buried	conj
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 cemented	cc
11	cemented	cement	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 deposited	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	roles by
1	deposit	present · passive	Particles	layers	vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in layer=Destination
2	bury	participle			vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	compact	participle			vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
4	cement	participle			vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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