Exam question 3 · Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks

It is given that a sequence of sedimentary strata has remained undisturbed. Ascertain which statement concerning the relative age of the strata is correct.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, statement · What happens: give, remain, ascertain, concern, be · To what, where: It, sequence, relative age

This is exam question 3 of lesson 49 «Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that a sequence of sedimentary strata has remained undisturbed.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	11 remained	mark
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 sequence	det
6	sequence	sequence	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 remained	nsubj:pass
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 strata	case
8	sedimentary	sedimentary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 strata	amod
9	strata	strata	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 sequence	nmod
10	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 remained	aux
11	remained	remain	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 given	advcl
12	undisturbed	undisturbed	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 remained	xcomp
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	remain	present · perfect · passive		a sequence of sedimentary strata				undisturbed property	vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Attribute

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Ascertain which statement concerning the relative age of the strata is correct.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	3 statement	det
3	statement	statement	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 correct	nsubj
4	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 statement	acl
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 age	det
6	relative	relative	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 age	amod
7	age	age	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 concerning	obj
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 strata	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 strata	det
10	strata	strata	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 age	nmod
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 correct	cop
12	correct	correct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Ascertain	ccomp
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here			vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent
2	concern	gerund	which statement not said here	the relative age of the strata		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus age=Experiencer
3	is	present	which statement		correct property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The uppermost stratum is the oldest

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 stratum	det
2	uppermost	uppermost	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 stratum	amod
3	stratum	stratum	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 oldest	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 oldest	cop
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 oldest	det
6	oldest	old	ADJ	Degree=Sup	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the uppermost stratum					old property	tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The lowermost stratum is the oldest

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 stratum	det
2	lowermost	lowermost	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 stratum	amod
3	stratum	stratum	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 oldest	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 oldest	cop
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 oldest	det
6	oldest	old	ADJ	Degree=Sup	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the lowermost stratum					old property	tree rules

Option 3

The age of the strata cannot be compared in any respect

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 age	det
2	age	age	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 compared	nsubj:pass
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 strata	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 strata	det
5	strata	strata	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 age	nmod
6	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 compared	aux
7	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 compared	advmod
8	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	9 compared	aux:pass
9	compared	compare	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 respect	case
11	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	12 respect	det
12	respect	respect	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 compared	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not compare	can · passive		the age of the strata		any respect			vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Option 4

All strata are of identical age

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	All	all	DET	PronType=Tot	2 strata	det
2	strata	stratum	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 age	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 age	cop
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 age	case
5	identical	identical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 age	amod
6	age	age	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	all strata				of identical age		tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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