Test 1 · ★ · Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks

Josh says the top layer of a cliff must be the oldest because it's been there longest in the sun. Put him right.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Josh, top layer, layer · What happens: say, be, put · To what, where: Josh · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 49 «Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Josh	Josh	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 layer	det
4	top	top	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 layer	amod
5	layer	layer	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 oldest	nsubj
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 cliff	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 cliff	det
8	cliff	cliff	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 layer	nmod
9	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 oldest	aux
10	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	12 oldest	cop
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 oldest	det
12	oldest	old	ADJ	Degree=Sup	2 says	ccomp
13	because	because	SCONJ	_	17 there	mark
14	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 there	nsubj
15	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 there	cop
16	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	17 there	cop
17	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	22 Put	advmod
18	longest	long	ADJ	Degree=Sup	17 there	amod
19	in	in	ADP	_	21 sun.	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 sun.	det
21	sun.	sun.	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 longest	obl
22	Put	put	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	12 oldest	parataxis
23	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 Put	obj
24	right	right	ADV	_	22 Put	advmod
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	to whom	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Josh			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is	must	the top layer of a cliff		old property	tree rules
3	is	present	layer		there property	tree rules
4	put	infinitive		Josh	right property	vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent he=Goal

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The middle layer is always the oldest

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 layer	det
2	middle	middle	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 layer	compound
3	layer	layer	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 oldest	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 oldest	cop
5	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	7 oldest	advmod
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 oldest	det
7	oldest	old	ADJ	Degree=Sup	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the middle layer					always, old property	tree rules

Option 2

He's right, the top is always oldest because the sun has baked it longest

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 oldest	punct
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 top	det
6	top	top	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 oldest	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 oldest	cop
8	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	9 oldest	advmod
9	oldest	old	ADJ	Degree=Sup	3 right	obl
10	because	because	SCONJ	_	14 baked	mark
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 sun	det
12	sun	sun	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 baked	nsubj:pass
13	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 baked	aux
14	baked	bake	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 oldest	advcl
15	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 baked	obj
16	longest	long	ADJ	Degree=Sup	14 baked	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	He		right property	tree rules
2	is	present	the top		always, old property	tree rules
3	bake	present · perfect · passive		the sun		vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: subject=Beneficiary it=Product

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

In undisturbed layers the bottom ones were laid down first and are oldest

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 layers	case
2	undisturbed	undisturbed	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 layers	amod
3	layers	layer	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 laid	obl
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 ones	det
5	bottom	bottom	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 ones	compound
6	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 laid	nsubj
7	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 laid	aux:pass
8	laid	lay	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
9	down	down	ADP	_	8 laid	compound:prt
10	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	8 laid	advmod
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 oldest	cc
12	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 oldest	cop
13	oldest	old	ADJ	Degree=Sup	8 laid	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lay down	past · passive		the bottom ones		undisturbed layers		first property	vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in layer=Destination
2	is	present						old property	tree rules

Option 4

All the layers were made on the same day

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	All	all	DET	PronType=Tot	3 layers	det:predet
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 layers	det
3	layers	layer	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 made	nsubj:pass
4	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 made	aux:pass
5	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	on	on	ADP	_	9 day	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 day	det
8	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 day	amod
9	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 made	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	past · passive		all layers			day		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/49-sedimentary-and-metamorphic-rocks/t1/