Test 8 · ★★ · Minerals and crystals

How could deep layers of rock salt end up under dry land in England?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: deep layers · What happens: end up · To what, where: dry land

This is test 8 · ★★ of lesson 50 «Minerals and crystals» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	How	how	ADV	PronType=Int	3 deep	advmod
2	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 deep	aux
3	deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 layers	amod
4	layers	layer	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 end	nsubj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 salt	case
6	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 salt	compound
7	salt	salt	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 layers	nmod
8	end	end	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	up	up	ADP	_	8 end	compound:prt
10	under	under	ADP	_	12 land	case
11	dry	dry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 land	amod
12	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 end	obl
13	in	in	ADP	_	14 England	case
14	England	England	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 land	nmod
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 end	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	end up	present	deep layers of rock salt			dry land in England			vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

An ancient sea there dried up and left its salt behind

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 sea	det
2	ancient	ancient	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 sea	amod
3	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 dried	nsubj:pass
4	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	5 dried	advmod
5	dried	dry	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	up	up	ADP	_	5 dried	compound:prt
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 left	cc
8	left	leave	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 dried	conj
9	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 salt	nmod:poss
10	salt	salt	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 left	obj
11	behind	behind	ADV	_	8 left	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dry up	participle · passive		a ancient sea		there			vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result
2	leave	past		sea's salt				behind property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent salt=Theme

Option 2

Rain carried salt down from the clouds

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 carried	nsubj
2	carried	carry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	salt	salt	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 carried	obj
4	down	down	ADV	_	2 carried	advmod
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 clouds	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 clouds	det
7	clouds	cloud	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 carried	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	carry down	past	Rain	salt		the clouds		down property	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent salt=Theme from cloud=Initial_Location

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Salt lorries buried it there long ago to store it for winter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Salt	salt	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 lorries	compound
2	lorries	lorry	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 buried	nsubj
3	buried	bury	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 buried	obj
5	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	3 buried	advmod
6	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	7 ago	advmod
7	ago	ago	ADV	_	3 buried	advmod
8	to	to	PART	_	9 store	mark
9	store	store	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 buried	advcl
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 store	obj
11	for	for	ADP	_	12 winter	case
12	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 store	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bury	past	Salt lorries	it		there		ago property	vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
2	store	to-infinitive	Salt lorries not said here	it			winter		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

Option 4

It froze out of underground ice

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 froze	nsubj
2	froze	freeze	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	out	out	ADP	_	6 ice	case
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 ice	case
5	underground	underground	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 ice	amod
6	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 froze	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	freeze out	past	It	underground ice					vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient ice=Result

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/50-minerals-and-crystals/t8/