Exam question 4 · Weathering and erosion

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the consequence of deforestation upon soil?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: consequence

This is exam question 4 of lesson 52 «Weathering and erosion» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 consequence	det
10	consequence	consequence	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 deforestation	case
12	deforestation	deforestation	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 consequence	nmod
13	upon	upon	ADP	_	14 soil	case
14	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 consequence	nmod
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the consequence of deforestation				of the following statements; upon soil; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Erosion of soil may proceed many times more rapidly than at natural rates

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Erosion	erosion	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 proceed	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	3 soil	case
3	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Erosion	nmod
4	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 proceed	aux
5	proceed	proceed	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 times	amod
7	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 proceed	obl:unmarked
8	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	9 rapidly	advmod
9	rapidly	rapidly	ADV	_	5 proceed	advmod
10	than	than	ADP	_	13 rates	case
11	at	at	ADP	_	13 rates	case
12	natural	natural	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 rates	amod
13	rates	rate	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 rapidly	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	proceed	may	Erosion of soil				time	rapidly property	vn begin-55.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent
2	erode			soil					nom erosion «process transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

Soil is thereby rendered immune to erosion

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 rendered	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 rendered	aux:pass
3	thereby	thereby	ADV	_	4 rendered	advmod
4	rendered	render	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	immune	immune	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 rendered	obj
6	to	to	ADP	_	7 erosion	case
7	erosion	erosion	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 immune	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	render	present · passive		Soil				thereby property	vn give-13.1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient immune=Theme

Option 3

Soil formation is thereby accelerated beyond all natural rates observed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 formation	compound
2	formation	formation	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 accelerated	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 accelerated	aux:pass
4	thereby	thereby	ADV	_	5 accelerated	advmod
5	accelerated	accelerate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	beyond	beyond	ADP	_	9 rates	case
7	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	9 rates	det
8	natural	natural	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 rates	amod
9	rates	rate	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 accelerated	obl
10	observed	observe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 rates	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	accelerate	present · passive		Soil formation				beyond all natural rates; thereby property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient
2	observe	participle		all natural rates not said here					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

Option 4

No consequence whatsoever is observed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	2 consequence	det
2	consequence	consequence	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	whatsoever	whatsoever	PRON	PronType=Rel	5 observed	nsubj:pass
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 observed	aux:pass
5	observed	observe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 consequence	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	observe	present · passive		whatsoever					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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