Test 1 · ★ · Rivers shaping the land

Why does a river cut a V-shaped valley up in the hills but wind in loops near the sea?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: river · What happens: cut up, shape · To what, where: shaped valley, hills

This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 53 «Rivers shaping the land» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	5 cut	advmod
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 cut	aux
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 river	det
4	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 cut	nsubj
5	cut	cut	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 valley	det
7	V	v	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 shaped	compound
8	-	-	PUNCT	_	7 V	punct
9	shaped	shape	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 valley	amod
10	valley	valley	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 cut	obj
11	up	up	ADP	_	5 cut	compound:prt
12	in	in	ADP	_	14 hills	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 hills	det
14	hills	hill	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 cut	obl
15	but	but	CCONJ	_	16 wind	cc
16	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 hills	conj
17	in	in	ADP	_	18 loops	case
18	loops	loop	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 cut	obl
19	near	near	ADP	_	21 sea	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 sea	det
21	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 loops	nmod
22	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 cut	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cut up	present · do-support	a river	a shaped valley		the hills but wind		in loops near the sea	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset valley=Product
2	shape	participle							vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It is steep and fast near the source, slower and flatter lower down

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 steep	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 steep	cop
3	steep	steep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 fast	cc
5	fast	fast	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 steep	conj
6	near	near	ADP	_	8 source	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 source	det
8	source	source	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 steep	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 slower	punct
10	slower	slow	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 steep	conj
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 flatter	cc
12	flatter	flat	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	10 slower	conj
13	lower	low	ADV	Degree=Cmp	14 down	advmod
14	down	down	ADV	_	10 slower	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	is	present	It	the source	steep property	tree rules
2	be					tree rules
3	be				down property	tree rules

Option 2

Fish make the loops near the sea

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 make	nsubj
2	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 loops	det
4	loops	loop	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 make	obj
5	near	near	ADP	_	7 sea	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 sea	det
7	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 make	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	Fish	the loops		the sea			vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent loop=Product

Option 3

The wind blows the river into loops

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 wind	det
2	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 blows	nsubj
3	blows	blow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 river	det
5	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 blows	obj
6	into	into	ADP	_	7 loops	case
7	loops	loop	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 blows	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	blow	present	the wind	the river		loops			vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent river=Material into loop=Product

Option 4

It is colder in the hills and warmer by the sea, so the water bends

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 colder	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 colder	cop
3	colder	cold	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 hills	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 hills	det
6	hills	hill	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 colder	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 warmer	cc
8	warmer	warm	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 hills	conj
9	by	by	ADP	_	11 sea	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 sea	det
11	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 warmer	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 bends	punct
13	so	so	ADV	_	16 bends	advmod
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 water	det
15	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 bends	nsubj
16	bends	bend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 colder	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It			the hills		cold property	tree rules
2	bend	present	the water						vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/53-rivers-shaping-the-land/t1/