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Test 2 · ★ · Rivers shaping the land

"rivers start at the sea and flow up into the mountains" — Jack's little brother. What is right?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: rivers · What happens: start, flow up, be · To what, where: little brother, sea, mountains

This is test 2 · ★ of lesson 53 «Rivers shaping the land» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: "rivers start at the sea and flow up into the mountains" — Jack's little brother.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 start	punct
2	rivers	river	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 start	nsubj
3	start	start	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	at	at	ADP	_	6 sea	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 sea	det
6	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 start	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 flow	cc
8	flow	flow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 start	conj
9	up	up	ADP	_	8 flow	compound:prt
10	into	into	ADP	_	12 mountains	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 mountains	det
12	mountains	mountain	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 flow	obl
13	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 start	punct
14	—	-	PUNCT	_	3 start	punct
15	Jack	Jack	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 brother	nmod:poss
16	's	's	PART	_	15 Jack	case
17	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 brother	amod
18	brother	brother	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 start	obj
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 start	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	start in a quote	present	rivers	Jack's little brother		the sea			vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brother=Eventuality
2	flow up in a quote	present	rivers not said here			the mountains			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is right?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 right	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 right	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						right property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

Rivers flow both ways at once

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rivers	river	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 flow	nsubj
2	flow	flow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	4 ways	det
4	ways	way	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 flow	obj
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 once	case
6	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	2 flow	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	flow	present	Rivers	both ways					vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location way=Theme

Option 2

Rivers flow uphill in the morning only, then back down at night

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rivers	river	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 flow	nsubj
2	flow	flow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	uphill	uphill	ADV	_	2 flow	advmod
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 morning	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 morning	det
6	morning	morning	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 flow	obl
7	only	only	ADV	_	2 flow	advmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 back	punct
9	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	10 back	advmod
10	back	back	ADV	_	2 flow	advmod
11	down	down	ADV	_	10 back	advmod
12	at	at	ADP	_	13 night	case
13	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 flow	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	flow	present	Rivers				morning; night	uphill property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Rivers flow downhill from their source to their mouth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rivers	river	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 flow	nsubj
2	flow	flow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	downhill	downhill	ADV	_	2 flow	advmod
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 source	case
5	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 source	nmod:poss
6	source	source	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 flow	obl
7	to	to	ADP	_	9 mouth	case
8	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 mouth	nmod:poss
9	mouth	mouth	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 flow	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	flow	present	Rivers			Rivers's source		to Rivers's mouth; downhill property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

Rivers flow only in winter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rivers	river	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 flow	nsubj
2	flow	flow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	2 flow	advmod
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 winter	case
5	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 flow	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	flow	present	Rivers				winter		vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/53-rivers-shaping-the-land/t2/