Test 3 · ★ · Rivers shaping the land
A geologist finds a curved, horseshoe-shaped lake beside a winding river. What is it most likely?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: geologist · What happens: find, curve, shape, be · To what, where: curved shaped lake, winding river, geologist
This is test 3 · ★ of lesson 53 «Rivers shaping the land» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: A geologist finds a curved, horseshoe-shaped lake beside a winding river.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 geologist | det |
| 2 | geologist | geologist | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 finds | nsubj |
| 3 | finds | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 lake | det |
| 5 | curved | curve | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 lake | amod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 lake | punct |
| 7 | horseshoe | horseshoe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 shaped | compound |
| 8 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 7 horseshoe | punct |
| 9 | shaped | shape | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 lake | amod |
| 10 | lake | lake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 finds | obj |
| 11 | beside | beside | ADP | _ | 14 river | case |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 river | det |
| 13 | winding | winding | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 river | compound |
| 14 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 lake | nmod |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 finds | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | find | present | a geologist | a curved shaped lake | a winding river | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lake=Topic | |||
| 2 | curve | participle | vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material | ||||||
| 3 | shape | participle | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What is it most likely?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | root | root |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 it | cop |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 1 What | nsubj |
| 4 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 5 likely | advmod |
| 5 | likely | likely | ADV | _ | 1 What | advmod |
| 6 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 1 What | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | geologist | tree rules |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
An oxbow lake, a cut-off meander
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 lake | det |
| 2 | oxbow | oxbow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 lake | compound |
| 3 | lake | lake | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 meander | punct |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 meander | det |
| 6 | cut | cut | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 off | compound |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 6 cut | punct |
| 8 | off | off | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 meander | compound |
| 9 | meander | meander | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 lake | conj |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 2
A spring bubbling up at the river's source
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 spring | det |
| 2 | spring | spring | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | bubbling | bubble | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 spring | acl |
| 4 | up | up | ADP | _ | 3 bubbling | compound:prt |
| 5 | at | at | ADP | _ | 9 source | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 river | det |
| 7 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 source | nmod:poss |
| 8 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 7 river | case |
| 9 | source | source | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 bubbling | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bubble up | gerund | a spring not said here | the river's source | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at source=Location |
Option 3
A pool dug by a glacier
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 pool | det |
| 2 | pool | pool | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | dug | dig | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 pool | acl |
| 4 | by | by | ADP | _ | 6 glacier | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 glacier | det |
| 6 | glacier | glacier | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 dug | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | dig | participle | a pool not said here | by a glacier | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent by glacier=Location |
Option 4
A crater from a meteorite
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 crater | det |
| 2 | crater | crater | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | from | from | ADP | _ | 5 meteorite | case |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 meteorite | det |
| 5 | meteorite | meteorite | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 crater | nmod |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/53-rivers-shaping-the-land/t3/