Test 11 · Weathering and erosion

Why are Scotland's mountains so much lower than the Alps today?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · What happens: be

This is test 11 of lesson 52 «Weathering and erosion» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	8 lower	advmod
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 lower	cop
3	Scotland	Scotland	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 mountains	nmod:poss
4	's	's	PART	_	3 Scotland	case
5	mountains	mountain	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 are	nsubj
6	so	so	ADV	_	7 much	advmod
7	much	much	ADV	_	8 lower	advmod
8	lower	low	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
9	than	than	ADP	_	11 Alps	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 Alps	det
11	Alps	Alp	PROPN	Number=Plur	8 lower	obl
12	today	today	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 lower	obl:unmarked
13	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 lower	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present					today	than the Alps; low property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

They are sinking into the sea

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 sinking	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 sinking	aux
3	sinking	sink	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	into	into	ADP	_	6 sea	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 sea	det
6	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sinking	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sink	present · progressive	They			the sea			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 2

People cut their tops off for building stone

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	People	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 cut	nsubj
2	cut	cut	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 tops	nmod:poss
4	tops	top	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 cut	obj
5	off	off	ADV	_	2 cut	advmod
6	for	for	SCONJ	_	7 building	mark
7	building	build	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 cut	advcl
8	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 building	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cut off	present	People	People's tops				off property	vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector top=Eventuality
2	build	gerund	People not said here	stone					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset stone=Product

Option 3

They were never more than small hills

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 more	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 more	cop
3	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	4 more	advmod
4	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
5	than	than	ADP	_	7 hills	case
6	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 hills	amod
7	hills	hill	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 more	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not is	past	They					than small hills; more property	tree rules

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

They are very old and have been worn down

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 old	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 old	cop
3	very	very	ADV	_	4 old	advmod
4	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 worn	cc
6	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 worn	aux
7	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	8 worn	aux:pass
8	worn	wear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 old	conj
9	down	down	ADP	_	8 worn	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	They					old property	tree rules
2	wear down	present · perfect · passive	They not said here						vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/52-weathering-and-erosion/t11/