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Test 4 · Weathering and erosion

A pavement is pushed up and cracked next to a big old tree. Why?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · What happens: push up, crack · To what, where: pavement

This is test 4 of lesson 52 «Weathering and erosion» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A pavement is pushed up and cracked next to a big old tree.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 pavement	det
2	pavement	pavement	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 pushed	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 pushed	aux:pass
4	pushed	push	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	up	up	ADP	_	4 pushed	compound:prt
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 cracked	cc
7	cracked	crack	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 pushed	conj
8	next	next	ADV	_	7 cracked	advmod
9	to	to	ADP	_	13 tree	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 tree	det
11	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 tree	amod
12	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 tree	amod
13	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 cracked	obl
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 pushed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	push up	present · passive		a pavement					vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	crack	past						to a big old tree result; next property	vn break-45.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Patient to tree=Result

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	root	root
2	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Why	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

The options

Option 1

Worms ate the stones

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Worms	worm	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 ate	nsubj
2	ate	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 stones	det
4	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 ate	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eat	past	Worms	the stones					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Patient

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The tree's roots grew under and split it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 tree	det
2	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 roots	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 tree	case
4	roots	root	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 grew	nsubj
5	grew	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	under	under	ADP	_	5 grew	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 split	cc
8	split	split	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 grew	conj
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 split	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	past	the tree's roots						vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	split	infinitive	the tree's roots not said here	tree					vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient

Option 3

Rain made the pavement swell and grow

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 made	nsubj
2	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 pavement	det
4	pavement	pavement	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 made	obj
5	swell	swell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 made	xcomp
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 grow	cc
7	grow	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 swell	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	past	Rain	the pavement					tree rules
2	swell	infinitive	the pavement not said here						vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
3	grow	infinitive	the pavement not said here						vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

The pavement melted in the hot summer sun

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 pavement	det
2	pavement	pavement	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	melted	melt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 pavement	acl
4	in	in	ADP	_	8 sun	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 sun	det
6	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 sun	amod
7	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 sun	compound
8	sun	sun	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 melted	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	melt	participle		the pavement not said here		the hot summer sun			vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/52-weathering-and-erosion/t4/