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Test 7 · ★ · Rivers shaping the land

In a cartoon, a river carves a canyon a mile deep in one afternoon. What is wrong?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: river · What happens: carve, be · To what, where: canyon, cartoon

This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 53 «Rivers shaping the land» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon, a river carves a canyon a mile deep in one afternoon.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 carves	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 cartoon	punct
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 river	det
6	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 carves	nsubj
7	carves	carve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 canyon	det
9	canyon	canyon	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 carves	obj
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 mile	det
11	mile	mile	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 carves	obl:unmarked
12	deep	deep	ADV	_	7 carves	advmod
13	in	in	ADP	_	15 afternoon	case
14	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	15 afternoon	nummod
15	afternoon	afternoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 carves	obl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 carves	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	carve	present	a river	a canyon		a cartoon	afternoon	a mile obl:unmarked; deep property	vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent canyon=Theme in cartoon=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is wrong?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 wrong	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 wrong	cop
3	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 wrong	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						wrong property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

Canyons form only under the sea

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Canyons	canyon	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 form	nsubj
2	form	form	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	6 sea	advmod
4	under	under	ADP	_	6 sea	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 sea	det
6	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 form	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	form	present	Canyons	the sea					vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location sea=Theme

Option 2

Canyons are dug by people

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Canyons	canyon	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 dug	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 dug	aux:pass
3	dug	dig	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 people	case
5	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 dug	obl:agent

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dig	present · passive	people	Canyons					vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent subject=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Canyons are made by the wind blowing sand, never by rivers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Canyons	canyon	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 made	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 made	aux:pass
3	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 wind	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 wind	det
6	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 made	obl
7	blowing	blow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 wind	acl
8	sand	sand	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 blowing	obj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 rivers	punct
10	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	12 rivers	advmod
11	by	by	ADP	_	12 rivers	case
12	rivers	river	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 made	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present · passive	the wind	Canyons				by rivers	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset subject=Product
2	blow	gerund	the wind not said here	sand					vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent sand=Patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Canyons like the Grand Canyon take millions of years

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Canyons	canyon	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 take	nsubj
2	like	like	ADP	_	5 Canyon	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Canyon	det
4	Grand	Grand	PROPN	_	5 Canyon	compound
5	Canyon	Canyon	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Canyons	nmod
6	take	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	millions	million	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 take	obj
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 years	case
9	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 millions	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	take	present	Canyons like the Grand Canyon	millions of years					vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent million=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/53-rivers-shaping-the-land/t7/