Exam question 1 · Glaciers and ice ages

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a glacier?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: glacier

This is exam question 1 of lesson 54 «Glaciers and ice ages» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 glacier	det
10	glacier	glacier	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		a glacier				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

A mass of ice that proceeds downhill under its own weight

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 mass	det
2	mass	mass	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 ice	case
4	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 mass	nmod
5	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 proceeds	nsubj
6	proceeds	proceed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 mass	acl:relcl
7	downhill	downhill	ADV	_	6 proceeds	advmod
8	under	under	ADP	_	11 weight	case
9	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 weight	nmod:poss
10	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 weight	amod
11	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 proceeds	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	proceed	present	a mass of ice			ice's own weight		downhill property	vn begin-55.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent

Option 2

A formation of snow suspended in the atmosphere

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 formation	det
2	formation	formation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 snow	case
4	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 formation	nmod
5	suspended	suspend	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 formation	acl
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 atmosphere	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 atmosphere	det
8	atmosphere	atmosphere	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 suspended	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	suspend	participle		a formation of snow not said here		the atmosphere			vn spatial_configuration-47.6 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in atmosphere=Location

Option 3

A deposit of crystalline rock resembling ice

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 deposit	det
2	deposit	deposit	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 rock	case
4	crystalline	crystalline	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 rock	amod
5	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 deposit	nmod
6	resembling	resemble	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 deposit	acl
7	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 resembling	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	resemble	gerund	a deposit of crystalline rock not said here	ice					tree rules
2	deposit			crystalline rock					nom deposit «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

A stationary body of frozen fresh water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 body	det
2	stationary	stationary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 body	amod
3	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 water	case
5	frozen	freeze	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 water	amod
6	fresh	fresh	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 water	amod
7	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 body	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	freeze	participle							vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/54-glaciers-and-ice-ages/e1/