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Test 11 · ★★ · Glaciers and ice ages

An old photo from 1900 shows a glacier filling a valley; today it is a small patch of ice far up. Why?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: old photo, glacier, photo · What happens: show, fill, be · To what, where: glacier, valley, small patch

This is test 11 · ★★ of lesson 54 «Glaciers and ice ages» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: An old photo from 1900 shows a glacier filling a valley; today it is a small patch of ice far up.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 photo	det
2	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 photo	amod
3	photo	photo	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 shows	nsubj
4	from	from	ADP	_	5 1900	case
5	1900	1900	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 photo	nmod
6	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 glacier	det
8	glacier	glacier	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 shows	obj
9	filling	fill	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 glacier	acl
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 valley	det
11	valley	valley	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 filling	obj
12	;	;	PUNCT	_	18 patch	punct
13	today	today	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 patch	obl:unmarked
14	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 patch	nsubj
15	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 patch	cop
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 patch	det
17	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 patch	amod
18	patch	patch	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 shows	parataxis
19	of	of	ADP	_	20 ice	case
20	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 patch	nmod
21	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	22 up	advmod
22	up	up	ADV	_	18 patch	advmod
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 shows	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present	a old photo from 1900	a glacier					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent glacier=Recipient
2	fill	gerund	a glacier not said here	a valley					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent valley=Patient
3	is a	present	photo	a small patch			today	of ice	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	root	root
2	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 Why	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

The options

Option 1

Glaciers always grow in summer

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Glaciers	glacier	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 grow	nsubj
2	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	3 grow	advmod
3	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 summer	case
5	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 grow	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	present	Glaciers				summer	always property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

The photo shows a different planet

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 photo	det
2	photo	photo	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shows	nsubj
3	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 planet	det
5	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 planet	amod
6	planet	planet	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shows	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present	the photo	a different planet					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent planet=Recipient

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Most mountain glaciers are shrinking fast with warming

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	3 glaciers	amod
2	mountain	mountain	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 glaciers	compound
3	glaciers	glacier	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 shrinking	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 shrinking	aux
5	shrinking	shrink	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
6	fast	fast	ADV	Degree=Pos	5 shrinking	advmod
7	with	with	ADP	_	8 warming	case
8	warming	warming	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 shrinking	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	shrink	present · progressive	Most mountain glaciers					with warming; fast property	vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with warming=Instrument

Option 4

Someone dug the glacier out

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	2 dug	nsubj
2	dug	dig	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 glacier	det
4	glacier	glacier	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 dug	obj
5	out	out	ADP	_	2 dug	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dig out	past	Someone	the glacier					vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent glacier=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/54-glaciers-and-ice-ages/t11/