Test 10 · ★★ · Glaciers and ice ages

Which is true about ice ages?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: be

This is test 10 · ★★ of lesson 54 «Glaciers and ice ages» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	about	about	ADP	_	6 ages	case
5	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 ages	compound
6	ages	age	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 true	obl
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present					about ice ages	true property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

There has only ever been one ice age, and it ended when the dinosaurs died

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	There	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	2 has	expl
2	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	8 age	advmod
4	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	8 age	advmod
5	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	8 age	cop
6	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 age	nummod
7	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 age	compound
8	age	age	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 has	obj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 ended	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 ended	cc
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 ended	nsubj
12	ended	end	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 has	parataxis
13	when	when	SCONJ	_	16 died	mark
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 dinosaurs	det
15	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 died	nsubj
16	died	die	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 ended	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	roles by
1	have	present			there		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	is a	participle		one ice age		ever	tree rules
3	end	past	age				vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
4	die	past	the dinosaurs				vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute

Option 2

The last ice age ended last century

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 age	det
2	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 age	amod
3	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 age	compound
4	age	age	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 ended	nsubj
5	ended	end	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 century	amod
7	century	century	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 ended	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	end	past	the last ice age				century		vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

Option 3

Ice ages happened only in Africa

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 ages	compound
2	ages	age	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 happened	nsubj
3	happened	happen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	only	only	ADV	_	6 Africa	advmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 Africa	case
6	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 happened	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	past	Ice ages			Africa			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in africa=Location

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Earth has swung between cold and warm periods for 2.6 million years

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 swung	nsubj
2	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 swung	aux
3	swung	swing	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	between	between	ADP	_	8 periods	case
5	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 periods	amod
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 warm	cc
7	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 cold	conj
8	periods	period	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 swung	obl
9	for	for	ADP	_	12 years	case
10	2.6	2.6	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	11 million	compound
11	million	million	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	12 years	nummod
12	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 swung	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	swing	present · perfect	Earth			cold periods	year		vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme between period=Trajectory

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/54-glaciers-and-ice-ages/t10/