Exam question 1 · Coasts and caves

Identify the principal reason for which headlands and bays are formed along a coastline.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, form · To what, where: principal reason, headlands

This is exam question 1 of lesson 55 «Coasts and caves» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 formed	obl
7	headlands	headland	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 formed	nsubj:pass
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 bays	cc
9	bays	bay	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 headlands	conj
10	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 formed	aux:pass
11	formed	form	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 reason	acl:relcl
12	along	along	ADP	_	14 coastline	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 coastline	det
14	coastline	coastline	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 formed	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	form	present · passive		headlands and bays				for the principal reason; along a coastline	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: subject=Result for which=Beneficiary

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Resistant rock is eroded more rapidly than less resistant rock

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Resistant	resistant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 rock	amod
2	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 eroded	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 eroded	aux:pass
4	eroded	erode	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	6 rapidly	advmod
6	rapidly	rapidly	ADV	_	4 eroded	advmod
7	than	than	ADP	_	10 rock	case
8	less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	10 rock	amod
9	resistant	resistant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 rock	amod
10	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 eroded	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	erode	present · passive		Resistant rock				than less resistant rock; rapidly property	tree rules

Option 2

Bays are excavated exclusively by human activity

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bays	bay	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 excavated	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 excavated	aux:pass
3	excavated	excavate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	3 excavated	advmod
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 activity	case
6	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 activity	amod
7	activity	activity	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 excavated	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	excavate	present · passive	human activity	Bays				exclusively property	vn search-35.2 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent subject=Location

Option 3

Waves exert no force upon soft rock

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Waves	wave	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 exert	nsubj
2	exert	exert	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 force	det
4	force	force	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 exert	obj
5	upon	upon	ADP	_	7 rock	case
6	soft	soft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 rock	amod
7	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 exert	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exert	present	Waves	no force				upon soft rock	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent force=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Less resistant rock is eroded more rapidly than resistant rock

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 rock	amod
2	resistant	resistant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 rock	amod
3	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 eroded	nsubj:pass
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 eroded	aux:pass
5	eroded	erode	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	7 rapidly	advmod
7	rapidly	rapidly	ADV	_	5 eroded	advmod
8	than	than	ADP	_	10 rock	case
9	resistant	resistant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 rock	amod
10	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 eroded	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	erode	present · passive		Less resistant rock				than resistant rock; rapidly property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/55-coasts-and-caves/e1/