Test 6 · Coasts and caves
A video game cave has stalactites made in one night by a dragon's breath. What is the real story?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: game cave, real story · What happens: have, make, be · To what, where: stalactites
This is test 6 of lesson 55 «Coasts and caves» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: A video game cave has stalactites made in one night by a dragon's breath.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 cave | det |
| 2 | video | video | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 game | compound |
| 3 | game | game | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 cave | compound |
| 4 | cave | cave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 has | nsubj |
| 5 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | stalactites | stalactite | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 has | obj |
| 7 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 stalactites | acl |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 night | case |
| 9 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 10 night | nummod |
| 10 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 made | obl |
| 11 | by | by | ADP | _ | 15 breath | case |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 dragon | det |
| 13 | dragon | dragon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 breath | nmod:poss |
| 14 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 13 dragon | case |
| 15 | breath | breath | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 made | obl |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 has | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | a game cave | stalactites | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stalactite=Patient | ||||
| 2 | make | participle | stalactites not said here | night | by a dragon's breath | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What is the real story?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | root | root |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 What | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 story | det |
| 4 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 story | amod |
| 5 | story | story | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 What | nsubj |
| 6 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 1 What | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the real story | tree rules |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
They grow slowly from dripping water leaving stone
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 grow | nsubj |
| 2 | grow | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | slowly | slowly | ADV | _ | 2 grow | advmod |
| 4 | from | from | ADP | _ | 6 water | case |
| 5 | dripping | drip | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 water | amod |
| 6 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 grow | obl |
| 7 | leaving | leave | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 6 water | acl |
| 8 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 leaving | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grow | present | They | from dripping water; slowly property | vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.product V PP.patient»: agent=Product from water=Patient | ||||
| 2 | drip | gerund | vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source | ||||||
| 3 | leave | gerund | dripping water not said here | stone | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Theme |
Option 2
They are carved by miners
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 carved | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 carved | aux:pass |
| 3 | carved | carve | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | by | by | ADP | _ | 5 miners | case |
| 5 | miners | miner | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 carved | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | carve | present · passive | miners | They | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
Option 3
They form from frozen bat breath
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 form | nsubj |
| 2 | form | form | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | from | from | ADP | _ | 6 breath | case |
| 4 | frozen | freeze | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 breath | amod |
| 5 | bat | bat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 breath | compound |
| 6 | breath | breath | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 form | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | form | present | They | frozen bat breath | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | freeze | participle | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
Option 4
They are made by lava cooling quickly as it drips from the roof
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 made | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 made | aux:pass |
| 3 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | by | by | ADP | _ | 6 cooling | case |
| 5 | lava | lava | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 cooling | compound |
| 6 | cooling | cooling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 made | obl |
| 7 | quickly | quickly | ADV | _ | 3 made | advmod |
| 8 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 10 drips | mark |
| 9 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 drips | nsubj |
| 10 | drips | drip | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 made | advcl |
| 11 | from | from | ADP | _ | 13 roof | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 roof | det |
| 13 | roof | roof | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 drips | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | present · passive | lava cooling | They | quickly property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset subject=Product | |||
| 2 | drip | present | cooling | the roof | vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP.theme V PP.source»: agent=Theme from roof=Source |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/55-coasts-and-caves/t6/