Exam question 1 · Coal, oil and gas

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the origin of fossil fuels?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: origin

This is exam question 1 of lesson 59 «Coal, oil and gas» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 origin	det
10	origin	origin	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 fuels	case
12	fossil	fossil	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 fuels	compound
13	fuels	fuel	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 origin	nmod
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the origin of fossil fuels				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

They derive from the remains of plants and minute marine organisms interred over millions of years

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 derive	nsubj
2	derive	derive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	5 remains	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 remains	det
5	remains	remains	NOUN	Number=Ptan	2 derive	obl
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 plants	case
7	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 remains	nmod
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 organisms	cc
9	minute	minute	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 organisms	compound
10	marine	marine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 organisms	amod
11	organisms	organism	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 plants	conj
12	interred	inter	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 plants	acl
13	over	over	ADP	_	14 millions	case
14	millions	million	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 interred	obl
15	of	of	ADP	_	16 years	case
16	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 millions	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	derive	present	They			the remains of plants and minute marine organisms			vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent from remains=Material
2	inter	participle		plants and minute marine organisms not said here		millions of years			tree rules

Option 2

They are produced annually by the action of rainfall

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 produced	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 produced	aux:pass
3	produced	produce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	annually	annually	ADV	_	3 produced	advmod
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 action	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 action	det
7	action	action	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 produced	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 rainfall	case
9	rainfall	rainfall	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 action	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	produce	present · passive	the action of rainfall	They				annually property	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Result
2	act		rainfall						nom action «act intransitive»: of=agent

Option 3

They derive from the bones of dinosaurs melted by volcanic heat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 derive	nsubj
2	derive	derive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	5 bones	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 bones	det
5	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 derive	obl
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 dinosaurs	case
7	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 bones	nmod
8	melted	melt	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 dinosaurs	acl
9	by	by	ADP	_	11 heat	case
10	volcanic	volcanic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 heat	amod
11	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 melted	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	derive	present	They			the bones of dinosaurs			vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent from bone=Material
2	melt	participle		dinosaurs not said here				by volcanic heat	vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 4

They are formed within factories from sand

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 formed	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 formed	aux:pass
3	formed	form	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	within	within	ADP	_	5 factories	case
5	factories	factory	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 formed	obl
6	from	from	ADP	_	7 sand	case
7	sand	sand	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 factories	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	form	present · passive		They				within factories from sand	vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/59-coal-oil-and-gas/e1/