Exam question 2 · Coal, oil and gas

Identify the principal consequence of the combustion of fossil fuels for the climate.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, fossil fuels · What happens: identify, combust · To what, where: principal consequence

This is exam question 2 of lesson 59 «Coal, oil and gas» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 consequence	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 consequence	amod
4	consequence	consequence	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 combustion	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 combustion	det
7	combustion	combustion	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 consequence	nmod
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 fuels	case
9	fossil	fossil	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 fuels	compound
10	fuels	fuel	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 combustion	nmod
11	for	for	ADP	_	13 climate	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 climate	det
13	climate	climate	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 fuels	nmod
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal consequence of the combustion of fossil fuels for the climate					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent consequence=Theme
2	combust		fossil fuels for the climate						nom combustion «process intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The emission of oxygen, which cools the atmosphere

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 emission	det
2	emission	emission	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 cools	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 oxygen	case
4	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 emission	nmod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 cools	punct
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 cools	nsubj
7	cools	cool	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 atmosphere	det
9	atmosphere	atmosphere	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 cools	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cool	present	the emission of oxygen	the atmosphere					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent atmosphere=Patient
2	emit			oxygen					nom emission «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

The enlargement of the polar ice sheets

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 enlargement	det
2	enlargement	enlargement	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	7 sheets	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 sheets	det
5	polar	polar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 sheets	amod
6	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 sheets	compound
7	sheets	sheet	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 enlargement	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	enlarge			the polar ice sheets					nom enlargement «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The emission of carbon dioxide, the principal cause of present global warming

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 emission	det
2	emission	emission	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 dioxide	case
4	carbon	carbon	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 dioxide	compound
5	dioxide	dioxide	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 emission	nmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 cause	punct
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 cause	det
8	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 cause	amod
9	cause	cause	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 emission	conj
10	of	of	ADP	_	13 warming	case
11	present	present	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 warming	amod
12	global	global	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 warming	amod
13	warming	warming	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 cause	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	emit			carbon dioxide					nom emission «act transitive»: of=patient
2	cause			present global warming					nom cause «event transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

The cessation of all rainfall

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 cessation	det
2	cessation	cessation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 rainfall	case
4	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 rainfall	det
5	rainfall	rainfall	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 cessation	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cease			all rainfall					nom cessation «event transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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